Polishing.

Remove Field type. Refactor container to subclass MongoDBAtlasLocalContainer. Introduce wait/synchronization to avoid container crashes on create index + list search indexes.

See #4706
Original pull request: #4882

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/MappingMongoJsonSchemaCreator.java

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class MappingMongoJsonSchemaCreator implements MongoJsonSchemaCreator {
 		Class<?> rawTargetType = computeTargetType(property); // target type before conversion
 		Class<?> targetType = converter.getTypeMapper().getWriteTargetTypeFor(rawTargetType); // conversion target type
 
-		if((rawTargetType.isPrimitive() || ClassUtils.isPrimitiveArray(rawTargetType)) && targetType == Object.class) {
+		if ((rawTargetType.isPrimitive() || ClassUtils.isPrimitiveArray(rawTargetType)) && targetType == Object.class) {
 			targetType = rawTargetType;
 		}
 
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ class MappingMongoJsonSchemaCreator implements MongoJsonSchemaCreator {
 
 	private String computePropertyFieldName(PersistentProperty<?> property) {
 
-		return property instanceof MongoPersistentProperty  mongoPersistentProperty ?
+		return property instanceof MongoPersistentProperty mongoPersistentProperty ? mongoPersistentProperty.getFieldName()
-				mongoPersistentProperty.getFieldName() : property.getName();
+				: property.getName();
 	}
 
 	private boolean isRequiredProperty(PersistentProperty<?> property) {

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/aggregation/VectorSearchOperation.java

@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import org.bson.BinaryVector;
 import org.bson.Document;
+
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Limit;
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Vector;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.MongoVector;
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 	 * can't specify a number less than the number of documents to return (limit). This field is required if
 	 * {@link #searchType(SearchType)} is {@link SearchType#ANN} or {@link SearchType#DEFAULT}.
 	 *
-	 * @param numCandidates
+	 * @param numCandidates number of nearest neighbors to use during the search
 	 * @return a new {@link VectorSearchOperation} with {@code numCandidates} applied.
 	 */
 	@Contract("_ -> new")
@@ -338,20 +337,25 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		ENN
 	}
 
-	// A query path cannot only contain the name of the filed but may also hold additional information about the
+	/**
-	// analyzer to use;
+	 * Value object capturing query paths.
-	// "path": [ "names", "notes", { "value": "comments", "multi": "mySecondaryAnalyzer" } ]
+	 */
-	// see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/atlas/atlas-search/path-construction/#std-label-ref-path
 	public static class QueryPaths {
 
-		Set<QueryPath<?>> paths;
+		private final Set<QueryPath<?>> paths;
 
-		public static QueryPaths of(QueryPath<String> path) {
+		private QueryPaths(Set<QueryPath<?>> paths) {
+			this.paths = paths;
+		}
 
-			QueryPaths queryPaths = new QueryPaths();
+		/**
-			queryPaths.paths = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
+		 * Factory method to create {@link QueryPaths} from a single {@link QueryPath}.
-			queryPaths.paths.add(path);
+		 *
-			return queryPaths;
+		 * @param path
+		 * @return a new {@link QueryPaths} instance.
+		 */
+		public static QueryPaths of(QueryPath<String> path) {
+			return new QueryPaths(Set.of(path));
 		}
 
 		Object getPathObject() {
@@ -363,6 +367,12 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Interface describing a query path contract. Query paths might be simple field names, wildcard paths, or
+	 * multi-paths. paths.
+	 *
+	 * @param <T>
+	 */
 	public interface QueryPath<T> {
 
 		T value();
@@ -370,14 +380,6 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		static QueryPath<String> path(String field) {
 			return new SimplePath(field);
 		}
-
-		static QueryPath<Map<String, Object>> wildcard(String field) {
-			return new WildcardPath(field);
-		}
-
-		static QueryPath<Map<String, Object>> multi(String field, String analyzer) {
-			return new MultiPath(field, analyzer);
-		}
 	}
 
 	public static class SimplePath implements QueryPath<String> {
@@ -394,36 +396,9 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public static class WildcardPath implements QueryPath<Map<String, Object>> {
+	/**
-
+	 * Fluent API to configure a path on the VectorSearchOperation builder.
-		String name;
+	 */
-
-		public WildcardPath(String name) {
-			this.name = name;
-		}
-
-		@Override
-		public Map<String, Object> value() {
-			return Map.of("wildcard", name);
-		}
-	}
-
-	public static class MultiPath implements QueryPath<Map<String, Object>> {
-
-		String field;
-		String analyzer;
-
-		public MultiPath(String field, String analyzer) {
-			this.field = field;
-			this.analyzer = analyzer;
-		}
-
-		@Override
-		public Map<String, Object> value() {
-			return Map.of("value", field, "multi", analyzer);
-		}
-	}
-
 	public interface PathContributor {
 
 		/**
@@ -436,6 +411,9 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		VectorContributor path(String path);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Fluent API to configure a vector on the VectorSearchOperation builder.
+	 */
 	public interface VectorContributor {
 
 		/**
@@ -458,7 +436,7 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		 * @return
 		 */
 		@Contract("_ -> this")
-		default LimitContributor vector(byte... vector) {
+		default LimitContributor vector(byte[] vector) {
 			return vector(BinaryVector.int8Vector(vector));
 		}
 
@@ -510,6 +488,9 @@ public class VectorSearchOperation implements AggregationOperation {
 		LimitContributor vector(Vector vector);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Fluent API to configure a limit on the VectorSearchOperation builder.
+	 */
 	public interface LimitContributor {
 
 		/**

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/convert/MongoConverters.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert;
 
-import static org.springframework.data.convert.ConverterBuilder.reading;
+import static org.springframework.data.convert.ConverterBuilder.*;
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import org.bson.types.Binary;
 import org.bson.types.Code;
 import org.bson.types.Decimal128;
 import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
+
 import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.ConditionalConverter;
@@ -118,8 +119,6 @@ abstract class MongoConverters {
 		converters.add(reading(BsonUndefined.class, Object.class, it -> null));
 		converters.add(reading(String.class, URI.class, URI::create).andWriting(URI::toString));
 
-		converters.add(ByteArrayConverterFactory.INSTANCE);
-
 		return converters;
 	}
 

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/IndexOperations.java

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ public interface IndexOperations {
 	 *
 	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
 	 * @return the index name.
-	 * @deprecated in favor of {@link #createIndex(IndexDefinition)}.
+	 * @deprecated since 4.5, in favor of {@link #createIndex(IndexDefinition)}.
 	 */
 	@Deprecated(since = "4.5", forRemoval = true)
 	String ensureIndex(IndexDefinition indexDefinition);
 
 	/**
-	 * Create the index for the provided {@link IndexDefinition} exists for the collection indicated by the entity
+	 * Create the index for the provided {@link IndexDefinition} exists for the collection indicated by the entity class.
-	 * class. If not it will be created.
+	 * If not it will be created.
 	 *
 	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
 	 * @return the index name.

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/ReactiveIndexOperations.java

@@ -33,9 +33,23 @@ public interface ReactiveIndexOperations {
 	 *
 	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
 	 * @return a {@link Mono} emitting the name of the index on completion.
+	 * @deprecated since 4.5, in favor of {@link #createIndex(IndexDefinition)}.
 	 */
+	@Deprecated(since = "4.5", forRemoval = true)
 	Mono<String> ensureIndex(IndexDefinition indexDefinition);
 
+	/**
+	 * Create the index for the provided {@link IndexDefinition} exists for the collection indicated by the entity class.
+	 * If not it will be created.
+	 *
+	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
+	 * @return the index name.
+	 * @since 4.5
+	 */
+	default Mono<String> createIndex(IndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
+		return ensureIndex(indexDefinition);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Alters the index with given {@literal name}.
 	 *

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/SearchIndexDefinition.java

@@ -74,12 +74,14 @@ public interface SearchIndexDefinition {
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the actual index definition for this index in the context of a potential entity to resolve field name
-	 * mappings.
+	 * mappings. Entity and context can be {@literal null} to create a generic index definition without applying field
+	 * name mapping.
 	 *
 	 * @param entity can be {@literal null}.
-	 * @param mappingContext
+	 * @param mappingContext can be {@literal null}.
 	 * @return never {@literal null}.
 	 */
 	Document getDefinition(@Nullable TypeInformation<?> entity,
 			@Nullable MappingContext<? extends MongoPersistentEntity<?>, MongoPersistentProperty> mappingContext);
+
 }

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/SearchIndexInfo.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
  * Index information for a MongoDB Search Index.
  *
  * @author Christoph Strobl
+ * @since 4.5
  */
 public class SearchIndexInfo {
 
@@ -42,14 +43,27 @@ public class SearchIndexInfo {
 		this.indexDefinition = Lazy.of(indexDefinition);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Parse a BSON document describing an index into a {@link SearchIndexInfo}.
+	 *
+	 * @param source BSON document describing the index.
+	 * @return a new {@link SearchIndexInfo} instance.
+	 */
 	public static SearchIndexInfo parse(String source) {
 		return of(Document.parse(source));
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create an index from its BSON {@link Document} representation into a {@link SearchIndexInfo}.
+	 *
+	 * @param indexDocument BSON document describing the index.
+	 * @return a new {@link SearchIndexInfo} instance.
+	 */
 	public static SearchIndexInfo of(Document indexDocument) {
 
 		Object id = indexDocument.get("id");
-		SearchIndexStatus status = SearchIndexStatus.valueOf(indexDocument.get("status", "DOES_NOT_EXIST"));
+		SearchIndexStatus status = SearchIndexStatus
+				.valueOf(indexDocument.get("status", SearchIndexStatus.DOES_NOT_EXIST.name()));
 
 		return new SearchIndexInfo(id, status, () -> readIndexDefinition(indexDocument));
 	}

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/SearchIndexOperations.java

@@ -27,17 +27,6 @@ import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
  */
 public interface SearchIndexOperations {
 
-	/**
-	 * Create the index for the given {@link SearchIndexDefinition} in the collection indicated by the entity class.
-	 *
-	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
-	 * @return the index name.
-	 */
-	// TODO: keep or just go with createIndex?
-	default String ensureIndex(SearchIndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
-		return createIndex(indexDefinition);
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Create the index for the given {@link SearchIndexDefinition} in the collection indicated by the entity class.
 	 *
@@ -53,7 +42,6 @@ public interface SearchIndexOperations {
 	 *
 	 * @param indexDefinition the index definition.
 	 */
-	// TODO: keep or remove since it does not work reliably?
 	void updateIndex(SearchIndexDefinition indexDefinition);
 
 	/**

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/VectorIndex.java

@@ -1,27 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2024. the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2024-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/*
- * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -153,12 +137,16 @@ public class VectorIndex implements SearchIndexDefinition {
 		return "VectorIndex{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", fields=" + fields + ", type='" + getType() + '\'' + '}';
 	}
 
-	// /** instead of index info */
+	/**
+	 * Parse the {@link Document} into a {@link VectorIndex}.
+	 */
 	static VectorIndex of(Document document) {
 
 		VectorIndex index = new VectorIndex(document.getString("name"));
+
 		String definitionKey = document.containsKey("latestDefinition") ? "latestDefinition" : "definition";
 		Document definition = document.get(definitionKey, Document.class);
+
 		for (Object entry : definition.get("fields", List.class)) {
 			if (entry instanceof Document field) {
 				if (field.get("type").equals("vector")) {
@@ -195,7 +183,7 @@ public class VectorIndex implements SearchIndexDefinition {
 	record VectorFilterField(String path, String type) implements SearchField {
 	}
 
-	record VectorIndexField(String path, String type, int dimensions, String similarity,
+	record VectorIndexField(String path, String type, int dimensions, @Nullable String similarity,
 			@Nullable String quantization) implements SearchField {
 	}
 
@@ -313,6 +301,9 @@ public class VectorIndex implements SearchIndexDefinition {
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Similarity function used to calculate vector distance.
+	 */
 	public enum SimilarityFunction {
 
 		DOT_PRODUCT("dotProduct"), COSINE("cosine"), EUCLIDEAN("euclidean");
@@ -328,10 +319,22 @@ public class VectorIndex implements SearchIndexDefinition {
 		}
 	}
 
-	/** make it nullable */
+	/**
+	 * Vector quantization. Quantization reduce vector sizes while preserving performance.
+	 */
 	public enum Quantization {
 
-		NONE("none"), SCALAR("scalar"), BINARY("binary");
+		NONE("none"),
+
+		/**
+		 * Converting a float point into an integer.
+		 */
+		SCALAR("scalar"),
+
+		/**
+		 * Converting a float point into a single bit.
+		 */
+		BINARY("binary");
 
 		final String quantizationName;
 

spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/mapping/FieldType.java

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
-import org.bson.BinaryVector;
-import org.bson.BsonBinary;
 import org.bson.types.BSONTimestamp;
 import org.bson.types.Binary;
 import org.bson.types.Code;
@@ -57,8 +55,7 @@ public enum FieldType {
 	INT32(15, Integer.class), //
 	TIMESTAMP(16, BSONTimestamp.class), //
 	INT64(17, Long.class), //
-	DECIMAL128(18, Decimal128.class),
+	DECIMAL128(18, Decimal128.class);
-	VECTOR(5, BinaryVector.class);
 
 	private final int bsonType;
 	private final Class<?> javaClass;

spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/aggregation/VectorSearchOperationUnitTests.java

@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation;
 
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+
 import java.util.List;
 
-import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
 import org.bson.Document;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
 import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation.VectorSearchOperation.SearchType;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
@@ -27,6 +29,8 @@ import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.util.aggregation.TestAggregationContext;
 
 /**
+ * Unit tests for {@link VectorSearchOperation}.
+ *
  * @author Christoph Strobl
  */
 class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
 	void requiredArgs() {
 
 		List<Document> stages = SEARCH_OPERATION.toPipelineStages(Aggregation.DEFAULT_CONTEXT);
-		Assertions.assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH));
+		assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH));
 	}
 
 	@Test // GH-4706
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
 
 		Document filter = new Document("$and",
 				List.of(new Document("year", new Document("$gt", 1955)), new Document("year", new Document("$lt", 1975))));
-		Assertions.assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch",
+		assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch",
 				new Document($VECTOR_SEARCH).append("exact", true).append("filter", filter).append("numCandidates", 150)));
 	}
 
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
 	void withScore() {
 
 		List<Document> stages = SEARCH_OPERATION.withSearchScore().toPipelineStages(Aggregation.DEFAULT_CONTEXT);
-		Assertions.assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH),
+		assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH),
 				new Document("$addFields", new Document("score", new Document("$meta", "vectorSearchScore"))));
 	}
 
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
 
 		List<Document> stages = SEARCH_OPERATION.withFilterBySore(score -> score.gt(50))
 				.toPipelineStages(Aggregation.DEFAULT_CONTEXT);
-		Assertions.assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH),
+		assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH),
 				new Document("$addFields", new Document("score", new Document("$meta", "vectorSearchScore"))),
 				new Document("$match", new Document("score", new Document("$gt", 50))));
 	}
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
 
 		List<Document> stages = SEARCH_OPERATION.withFilterBySore(score -> score.gt(50)).withSearchScore("s-c-o-r-e")
 				.toPipelineStages(Aggregation.DEFAULT_CONTEXT);
-		Assertions.assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH),
+		assertThat(stages).containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", $VECTOR_SEARCH),
 				new Document("$addFields", new Document("s-c-o-r-e", new Document("$meta", "vectorSearchScore"))),
 				new Document("$match", new Document("s-c-o-r-e", new Document("$gt", 50))));
 	}
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ class VectorSearchOperationUnitTests {
 
 		Document filter = new Document("$and",
 				List.of(new Document("year", new Document("$gt", 1955)), new Document("year", new Document("$lt", 1975))));
-		Assertions.assertThat(stages)
+		assertThat(stages)
 				.containsExactly(new Document("$vectorSearch", new Document($VECTOR_SEARCH).append("filter", filter)));
 	}
 

spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/aggregation/VectorSearchTests.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation;
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Vector;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation.VectorSearchOperation.SearchType;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.VectorIndex;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.VectorIndex.SimilarityFunction;
-import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
-import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.FieldType;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.MongoVector;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util.AtlasContainer;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util.MongoTestTemplate;
+
 import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
 import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
 
@@ -44,16 +44,20 @@ import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
 
 /**
+ * Integration tests using Vector Search and Vector Indexes through local MongoDB Atlas.
+ *
  * @author Christoph Strobl
+ * @author Mark Paluch
  */
 @Testcontainers(disabledWithoutDocker = true)
 public class VectorSearchTests {
 
-	public static final String SCORE_FIELD = "vector-search-tests";
+	private static final String SCORE_FIELD = "vector-search-tests";
-	static final String COLLECTION_NAME = "collection-1";
+	private static final @Container AtlasContainer atlasLocal = AtlasContainer.bestMatch();
+	private static final String COLLECTION_NAME = "collection-1";
+
 	static MongoClient client;
 	static MongoTestTemplate template;
-	private static @Container AtlasContainer atlasLocal = AtlasContainer.bestMatch();
 
 	@BeforeAll
 	static void beforeAll() throws InterruptedException {
@@ -126,12 +130,12 @@ public class VectorSearchTests {
 
 		return Stream.of(//
 				Arguments.arguments(VectorSearchOperation.search("raw-index").path("rawFloat32vector") //
-						.vector(new float[] { 0.0001f, 1.12345f, 2.23456f, 3.34567f, 4.45678f }) //
+						.vector(0.0001f, 1.12345f, 2.23456f, 3.34567f, 4.45678f) //
 						.limit(10)//
 						.numCandidates(20) //
 						.searchType(SearchType.ANN)),
 				Arguments.arguments(VectorSearchOperation.search("raw-index").path("rawFloat64vector") //
-						.vector(new double[] { 1.0001d, 2.12345d, 3.23456d, 4.34567d, 5.45678d }) //
+						.vector(1.0001d, 2.12345d, 3.23456d, 4.34567d, 5.45678d) //
 						.limit(10)//
 						.numCandidates(20) //
 						.searchType(SearchType.ANN)),
@@ -160,8 +164,8 @@ public class VectorSearchTests {
 				.addVector("float64vector", it -> it.similarity(SimilarityFunction.COSINE).dimensions(5))
 				.addFilter("justSomeArgument");
 
-		template.searchIndexOps(WithVectorFields.class).ensureIndex(rawIndex);
+		template.searchIndexOps(WithVectorFields.class).createIndex(rawIndex);
-		template.searchIndexOps(WithVectorFields.class).ensureIndex(wrapperIndex);
+		template.searchIndexOps(WithVectorFields.class).createIndex(wrapperIndex);
 
 		template.awaitIndexCreation(WithVectorFields.class, rawIndex.getName());
 		template.awaitIndexCreation(WithVectorFields.class, wrapperIndex.getName());
@@ -188,8 +192,7 @@ public class VectorSearchTests {
 		Vector float32vector;
 		Vector float64vector;
 
-		@Field(targetType = FieldType.VECTOR) //
+		BinaryVector rawInt8vector;
-		byte[] rawInt8vector;
 		float[] rawFloat32vector;
 		double[] rawFloat64vector;
 
@@ -199,15 +202,16 @@ public class VectorSearchTests {
 
 			WithVectorFields instance = new WithVectorFields();
 			instance.id = "id-%s".formatted(offset);
-			instance.rawInt8vector = new byte[5];
 			instance.rawFloat32vector = new float[5];
 			instance.rawFloat64vector = new double[5];
 
+			byte[] int8 = new byte[5];
 			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 
 				int v = i + offset;
-				instance.rawInt8vector[i] = (byte) v;
+				int8[i] = (byte) v;
 			}
+			instance.rawInt8vector = BinaryVector.int8Vector(int8);
 
 			if (offset == 0) {
 				instance.rawFloat32vector[0] = 0.0001f;
@@ -227,7 +231,7 @@ public class VectorSearchTests {
 
 			instance.justSomeArgument = offset;
 
-			instance.int8vector = MongoVector.of(BinaryVector.int8Vector(instance.rawInt8vector));
+			instance.int8vector = MongoVector.of(instance.rawInt8vector);
 			instance.float32vector = MongoVector.of(BinaryVector.floatVector(instance.rawFloat32vector));
 			instance.float64vector = Vector.of(instance.rawFloat64vector);
 

spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/convert/MappingMongoConverterUnitTests.java

@@ -15,23 +15,10 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert;
 
-import static java.time.ZoneId.systemDefault;
+import static java.time.ZoneId.*;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatNoException;
+import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.DocumentTestUtils.*;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.fail;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.DocumentTestUtils.assertTypeHint;
-import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.DocumentTestUtils.getAsDocument;
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
@@ -40,30 +27,12 @@ import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.*;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.EnumMap;
-import java.util.EnumSet;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.SortedMap;
-import java.util.TreeMap;
-import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import org.assertj.core.data.Percentage;
-import org.bson.BinaryVector;
 import org.bson.BsonDouble;
 import org.bson.BsonUndefined;
 import org.bson.types.Binary;
@@ -81,6 +50,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+
 import org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
@@ -3380,18 +3350,6 @@ class MappingMongoConverterUnitTests {
 		assertThat(withVector.embeddings.toDoubleArray()).contains(1.1d, 2.2d, 3.3d);
 	}
 
-	@Test // GH-4706
-	void mapsByteArrayAsVectorWhenAnnotatedWithFieldTargetType() {
-
-		WithExplicitTargetTypes source = new WithExplicitTargetTypes();
-		source.asVector = new byte[] { 0, 1, 2 };
-
-		org.bson.Document target = new org.bson.Document();
-		converter.write(source, target);
-
-		assertThatNoException().isThrownBy(() -> target.get("asVector", BinaryVector.class));
-	}
-
 	@Test // GH-4706
 	void writesByteArrayAsIsIfNoFieldInstructionsGiven() {
 
@@ -4070,9 +4028,6 @@ class MappingMongoConverterUnitTests {
 
 		@Field(targetType = FieldType.OBJECT_ID) //
 		Date dateAsObjectId;
-
-		@Field(targetType = FieldType.VECTOR) //
-		byte[] asVector;
 	}
 
 	static class WrapperAroundWithUnwrapped {

spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/VectorIndexIntegrationTests.java

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index;
 
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatRuntimeException;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
-import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.await;
+import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.*;
 import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
 import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.VectorIndex.SimilarityFunction;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ import org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util.AtlasContainer;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util.MongoTestTemplate;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util.MongoTestUtils;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+
 import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
 import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ import com.mongodb.client.AggregateIterable;
 @Testcontainers(disabledWithoutDocker = true)
 class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 
-	private static @Container AtlasContainer atlasLocal = AtlasContainer.bestMatch();
+	private static final @Container AtlasContainer atlasLocal = AtlasContainer.bestMatch();
 
 	MongoTestTemplate template = new MongoTestTemplate(cfg -> {
 		cfg.configureDatabaseFactory(ctx -> {
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 		VectorIndex idx = new VectorIndex("vector_index").addVector("plotEmbedding",
 				builder -> builder.dimensions(1536).similarity(similarityFunction));
 
-		indexOps.ensureIndex(idx);
+		indexOps.createIndex(idx);
 
 		await().untilAsserted(() -> {
 			Document raw = readRawIndexInfo(idx.getName());
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 		VectorIndex idx = new VectorIndex("vector_index").addVector("plotEmbedding",
 				builder -> builder.dimensions(1536).similarity("cosine"));
 
-		indexOps.ensureIndex(idx);
+		indexOps.createIndex(idx);
 
 		template.awaitIndexCreation(Movie.class, idx.getName());
 
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test // GH-4706
-	void statusChanges() {
+	void statusChanges() throws InterruptedException {
 
 		String indexName = "vector_index";
 		assertThat(indexOps.status(indexName)).isEqualTo(SearchIndexStatus.DOES_NOT_EXIST);
@@ -119,14 +121,17 @@ class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 		VectorIndex idx = new VectorIndex(indexName).addVector("plotEmbedding",
 				builder -> builder.dimensions(1536).similarity("cosine"));
 
-		indexOps.ensureIndex(idx);
+		indexOps.createIndex(idx);
+
+		// without synchronization, the container might crash.
+		Thread.sleep(500);
 
 		assertThat(indexOps.status(indexName)).isIn(SearchIndexStatus.PENDING, SearchIndexStatus.BUILDING,
 				SearchIndexStatus.READY);
 	}
 
 	@Test // GH-4706
-	void exists() {
+	void exists() throws InterruptedException {
 
 		String indexName = "vector_index";
 		assertThat(indexOps.exists(indexName)).isFalse();
@@ -134,19 +139,25 @@ class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 		VectorIndex idx = new VectorIndex(indexName).addVector("plotEmbedding",
 				builder -> builder.dimensions(1536).similarity("cosine"));
 
-		indexOps.ensureIndex(idx);
+		indexOps.createIndex(idx);
+
+		// without synchronization, the container might crash.
+		Thread.sleep(500);
 
 		assertThat(indexOps.exists(indexName)).isTrue();
 	}
 
 	@Test // GH-4706
-	void updatesVectorIndex() {
+	void updatesVectorIndex() throws InterruptedException {
 
 		String indexName = "vector_index";
 		VectorIndex idx = new VectorIndex(indexName).addVector("plotEmbedding",
 				builder -> builder.dimensions(1536).similarity("cosine"));
 
-		indexOps.ensureIndex(idx);
+		indexOps.createIndex(idx);
+
+		// without synchronization, the container might crash.
+		Thread.sleep(500);
 
 		await().untilAsserted(() -> {
 			Document raw = readRawIndexInfo(idx.getName());
@@ -166,13 +177,16 @@ class VectorIndexIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test // GH-4706
-	void createsVectorIndexWithFilters() {
+	void createsVectorIndexWithFilters() throws InterruptedException {
 
 		VectorIndex idx = new VectorIndex("vector_index")
 				.addVector("plotEmbedding", builder -> builder.dimensions(1536).cosine()).addFilter("description")
 				.addFilter("year");
 
-		indexOps.ensureIndex(idx);
+		indexOps.createIndex(idx);
+
+		// without synchronization, the container might crash.
+		Thread.sleep(500);
 
 		await().untilAsserted(() -> {
 			Document raw = readRawIndexInfo(idx.getName());

spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/test/util/AtlasContainer.java

@@ -15,96 +15,44 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.test.util;
 
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.bson.Document;
 import org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment;
-import org.springframework.data.util.Lazy;
-import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
-import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;
-import org.testcontainers.containers.wait.strategy.DockerHealthcheckWaitStrategy;
-import org.testcontainers.containers.wait.strategy.WaitStrategy;
-import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
 
-import com.mongodb.ConnectionString;
+import org.testcontainers.mongodb.MongoDBAtlasLocalContainer;
-import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
+import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;
-import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
 
 /**
+ * Extension to MongoDBAtlasLocalContainer.
+ *
  * @author Christoph Strobl
  */
-public class AtlasContainer extends GenericContainer<AtlasContainer> {
+public class AtlasContainer extends MongoDBAtlasLocalContainer {
 
 	private static final DockerImageName DEFAULT_IMAGE_NAME = DockerImageName.parse("mongodb/mongodb-atlas-local");
-	private static final String DEFAULT_TAG = "latest";
+	private static final String DEFAULT_TAG = "8.0.0";
-	private static final String MONGODB_DATABASE_NAME_DEFAULT = "test";
+	private static final String LATEST = "latest";
-	private static final String READY_DB = "__db_ready_check";
+
-	private final Lazy<MongoClient> client;
+	private AtlasContainer(String dockerImageName) {
+		super(DockerImageName.parse(dockerImageName));
+	}
+
+	private AtlasContainer(DockerImageName dockerImageName) {
+		super(dockerImageName);
+	}
 
 	public static AtlasContainer bestMatch() {
 		return tagged(new StandardEnvironment().getProperty("mongodb.atlas.version", DEFAULT_TAG));
 	}
 
 	public static AtlasContainer latest() {
-		return tagged(DEFAULT_TAG);
+		return tagged(LATEST);
 	}
 
 	public static AtlasContainer version8() {
-		return tagged("8.0.0");
+		return tagged(DEFAULT_TAG);
 	}
 
 	public static AtlasContainer tagged(String tag) {
 		return new AtlasContainer(DEFAULT_IMAGE_NAME.withTag(tag));
 	}
 
-	public AtlasContainer(String dockerImageName) {
-		this(DockerImageName.parse(dockerImageName));
-	}
-
-	public AtlasContainer(DockerImageName dockerImageName) {
-
-		super(dockerImageName);
-		dockerImageName.assertCompatibleWith(DEFAULT_IMAGE_NAME);
-		setExposedPorts(List.of(27017));
-		client = Lazy.of(() -> MongoTestUtils.client(new ConnectionString(getConnectionString())));
-	}
-
-	public String getConnectionString() {
-		return getConnectionString(MONGODB_DATABASE_NAME_DEFAULT);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets a connection string url.
-	 *
-	 * @return a connection url pointing to a mongodb instance
-	 */
-	public String getConnectionString(String database) {
-		return String.format("mongodb://%s:%d/%s?directConnection=true", getHost(), getMappedPort(27017),
-				StringUtils.hasText(database) ? database : MONGODB_DATABASE_NAME_DEFAULT);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean isHealthy() {
-
-		MongoClient mongoClient = client.get();
-		MongoCollection<Document> ready = MongoTestUtils.createOrReplaceCollection(READY_DB, "ready", mongoClient);
-		boolean isReady = false;
-
-		try {
-			ready.aggregate(List.of(new Document("$listSearchIndexes", new Document()))).first();
-			isReady = true;
-		} catch (Exception e) {
-			// ok so the search service is not ready yet - sigh
-		}
-		if (isReady) {
-			mongoClient.getDatabase(READY_DB).drop();
-			mongoClient.close();
-		}
-		return isReady;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	protected WaitStrategy getWaitStrategy() {
-		return new DockerHealthcheckWaitStrategy();
-	}
 }

spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/test/util/MongoTestTemplate.java

@@ -63,14 +63,11 @@ public class MongoTestTemplate extends MongoTemplate {
 
 	public MongoTestTemplate(Consumer<MongoTestTemplateConfiguration> cfg) {
 
-		this(new Supplier<MongoTestTemplateConfiguration>() {
+		this(() -> {
-			@Override
-			public MongoTestTemplateConfiguration get() {
 
 			MongoTestTemplateConfiguration config = new MongoTestTemplateConfiguration();
 			cfg.accept(config);
 			return config;
-			}
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -115,7 +112,7 @@ public class MongoTestTemplate extends MongoTemplate {
 	}
 
 	public void flush(Class<?>... entities) {
-		flush(Arrays.asList(entities).stream().map(this::getCollectionName).collect(Collectors.toList()));
+		flush(Arrays.stream(entities).map(this::getCollectionName).collect(Collectors.toList()));
 	}
 
 	public void flush(String... collections) {
@@ -124,7 +121,7 @@ public class MongoTestTemplate extends MongoTemplate {
 
 	public void flush(Object... objects) {
 
-		flush(Arrays.asList(objects).stream().map(it -> {
+		flush(Arrays.stream(objects).map(it -> {
 
 			if (it instanceof String) {
 				return (String) it;
@@ -167,7 +164,7 @@ public class MongoTestTemplate extends MongoTemplate {
 
 		Awaitility.await().atMost(timeout).pollInterval(Duration.ofMillis(200)).until(() -> {
 
-			ArrayList<Document> execute = this.execute(collectionName,
+			List<Document> execute = this.execute(collectionName,
 					coll -> coll
 							.aggregate(List.of(Document.parse("{'$listSearchIndexes': { 'name' : '%s'}}".formatted(indexName))))
 							.into(new ArrayList<>()));