Introduce retry interceptor and annotation-based retry support

Based on RetryTemplate with ExponentialBackOff.
Includes optional jitter support in ExponentialBackOff.
Supports reactive methods through Reactor's RetryBackoffSpec.

Closes gh-34529

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/AbstractRetryInterceptor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
+import reactor.util.retry.Retry;
+
+import org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapter;
+import org.springframework.core.ReactiveAdapterRegistry;
+import org.springframework.core.retry.RetryException;
+import org.springframework.core.retry.RetryPolicy;
+import org.springframework.core.retry.RetryTemplate;
+import org.springframework.core.retry.Retryable;
+import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
+import org.springframework.util.backoff.ExponentialBackOff;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract retry interceptor implementation, adapting a given
+ * retry specification to either {@link RetryTemplate} or Reactor.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ * @see #getRetrySpec
+ * @see RetryTemplate
+ * @see Mono#retryWhen
+ * @see Flux#retryWhen
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractRetryInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
+
+	/**
+	 * Reactive Streams API present on the classpath?
+	 */
+	private static final boolean reactiveStreamsPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent(
+			"org.reactivestreams.Publisher", AbstractRetryInterceptor.class.getClassLoader());
+
+	private final @Nullable ReactiveAdapterRegistry reactiveAdapterRegistry;
+
+
+	public AbstractRetryInterceptor() {
+		if (reactiveStreamsPresent) {
+			this.reactiveAdapterRegistry = ReactiveAdapterRegistry.getSharedInstance();
+		}
+		else {
+			this.reactiveAdapterRegistry = null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Override
+	public @Nullable Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
+		Method method = invocation.getMethod();
+		Object target = invocation.getThis();
+		MethodRetrySpec spec = getRetrySpec(method, (target != null ? target.getClass() : method.getDeclaringClass()));
+
+		if (spec == null) {
+			return invocation.proceed();
+		}
+
+		if (this.reactiveAdapterRegistry != null) {
+			ReactiveAdapter adapter = this.reactiveAdapterRegistry.getAdapter(method.getReturnType());
+			if (adapter != null) {
+				Object result = invocation.proceed();
+				if (result == null) {
+					return null;
+				}
+				return ReactorDelegate.adaptReactiveResult(result, adapter, spec, method);
+			}
+		}
+
+		RetryTemplate retryTemplate = new RetryTemplate();
+
+		RetryPolicy.Builder policyBuilder = RetryPolicy.builder();
+		for (Class<? extends Throwable> include : spec.includes()) {
+			policyBuilder.includes(include);
+		}
+		for (Class<? extends Throwable> exclude : spec.excludes()) {
+			policyBuilder.excludes(exclude);
+		}
+		policyBuilder.predicate(spec.predicate().forMethod(method));
+		policyBuilder.maxAttempts(spec.maxAttempts());
+		retryTemplate.setRetryPolicy(policyBuilder.build());
+
+		ExponentialBackOff backOff = new ExponentialBackOff();
+		backOff.setInitialInterval(spec.delay());
+		backOff.setJitter(spec.jitterDelay());
+		backOff.setMultiplier(spec.delayMultiplier());
+		backOff.setMaxInterval(spec.maxDelay());
+		backOff.setMaxAttempts(spec.maxAttempts());
+		retryTemplate.setBackOffPolicy(backOff);
+
+		try {
+			return retryTemplate.execute(new Retryable<>() {
+				@Override
+				public @Nullable Object execute() throws Throwable {
+					return invocation.proceed();
+				}
+				@Override
+				public String getName() {
+					Object target = invocation.getThis();
+					return ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method, (target != null ? target.getClass() : null));
+				}
+			});
+		}
+		catch (RetryException ex) {
+			Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
+			throw (cause != null ? cause : new IllegalStateException(ex.getMessage(), ex));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine the retry specification for the given method on the given target.
+	 * @param method the currently executing method
+	 * @param targetClass the class of the current target object
+	 * @return the retry specification as a {@link MethodRetrySpec}
+	 */
+	protected abstract @Nullable MethodRetrySpec getRetrySpec(Method method, Class<?> targetClass);
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inner class to avoid a hard dependency on Reactive Streams and Reactor at runtime.
+	 */
+	private static class ReactorDelegate {
+
+		public static Object adaptReactiveResult(
+				Object result, ReactiveAdapter adapter, MethodRetrySpec spec, Method method) {
+
+			Publisher<?> publisher = adapter.toPublisher(result);
+			Retry retry = Retry.backoff(spec.maxAttempts(), Duration.ofMillis(spec.delay()))
+					.jitter((double) spec.jitterDelay() / spec.delay())
+					.multiplier(spec.delayMultiplier())
+					.maxBackoff(Duration.ofMillis(spec.maxDelay()))
+					.filter(spec.combinedPredicate().forMethod(method));
+			publisher = (adapter.isMultiValue() ? Flux.from(publisher).retryWhen(retry) :
+					Mono.from(publisher).retryWhen(retry));
+			return adapter.fromPublisher(publisher);
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/MethodRetryPredicate.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/**
+ * Predicate for retrying a {@link Throwable} from a specific {@link Method}.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ * @see MethodRetrySpec#predicate()
+ */
+@FunctionalInterface
+public interface MethodRetryPredicate {
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine whether the given {@code Method} should be retried after
+	 * throwing the given {@code Throwable}.
+	 * @param method the method to potentially retry
+	 * @param throwable the exception encountered
+	 */
+	boolean shouldRetry(Method method, Throwable throwable);
+
+	/**
+	 * Build a {@code Predicate} for testing exceptions from a given method.
+	 * @param method the method to build a predicate for
+	 */
+	default Predicate<Throwable> forMethod(Method method) {
+		return (t -> shouldRetry(method, t));
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/MethodRetrySpec.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+/**
+ * A specification for retry attempts on a given method, combining common
+ * retry characteristics. This roughly matches the annotation attributes
+ * on {@link org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.Retryable}.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ * @param includes applicable exceptions types to attempt a retry for
+ * @param excludes non-applicable exceptions types to avoid a retry for
+ * @param predicate a predicate for filtering exceptions from applicable methods
+ * @param maxAttempts the maximum number of retry attempts
+ * @param delay the base delay after the initial invocation (in milliseconds)
+ * @param jitterDelay a jitter delay for the next retry attempt (in milliseconds)
+ * @param delayMultiplier a multiplier for a delay for the next retry attempt
+ * @param maxDelay the maximum delay for any retry attempt (in milliseconds)
+ * @see AbstractRetryInterceptor#getRetrySpec
+ * @see SimpleRetryInterceptor#SimpleRetryInterceptor(MethodRetrySpec)
+ * @see org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.Retryable
+ */
+public record MethodRetrySpec(
+		Collection<Class<? extends Throwable>> includes,
+		Collection<Class<? extends Throwable>> excludes,
+		MethodRetryPredicate predicate,
+		int maxAttempts,
+		long delay,
+		long jitterDelay,
+		double delayMultiplier,
+		long maxDelay) {
+
+	public MethodRetrySpec(MethodRetryPredicate predicate, int maxAttempts, long delay) {
+		this(predicate, maxAttempts, delay, 0,1.0, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+	}
+
+	public MethodRetrySpec(MethodRetryPredicate predicate, int maxAttempts, long delay,
+			long jitterDelay, double delayMultiplier, long maxDelay) {
+
+		this(Collections.emptyList(), Collections.emptyList(), predicate, maxAttempts, delay,
+				jitterDelay, delayMultiplier, maxDelay);
+	}
+
+
+	MethodRetryPredicate combinedPredicate() {
+		return (method, throwable) -> {
+			if (!this.excludes.isEmpty()) {
+				for (Class<? extends Throwable> exclude : this.excludes) {
+					if (exclude.isInstance(throwable)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if (!this.includes.isEmpty()) {
+				boolean included = false;
+				for (Class<? extends Throwable> include : this.includes) {
+					if (include.isInstance(throwable)) {
+						included = true;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if (!included) {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return this.predicate.shouldRetry(method, throwable);
+		};
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/SimpleRetryInterceptor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+/**
+ * A simple concrete retry interceptor based on a given {@link MethodRetrySpec}.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ */
+public class SimpleRetryInterceptor extends AbstractRetryInterceptor {
+
+	private final MethodRetrySpec retrySpec;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a {@code SimpleRetryInterceptor} for the given {@link MethodRetrySpec}.
+	 * @param retrySpec the specification to use for all method invocations
+	 */
+	public SimpleRetryInterceptor(MethodRetrySpec retrySpec) {
+		this.retrySpec = retrySpec;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected MethodRetrySpec getRetrySpec(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
+		return this.retrySpec;
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/annotation/RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation;
+
+import org.springframework.aop.Pointcut;
+import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor;
+import org.springframework.aop.support.ComposablePointcut;
+import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;
+import org.springframework.aop.support.annotation.AnnotationMatchingPointcut;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
+
+/**
+ * A convenient {@link BeanPostProcessor} that applies {@link RetryAnnotationInterceptor}
+ * to all bean methods annotated with {@link Retryable} annotations.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+public class RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor extends AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor {
+
+	public RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
+		setBeforeExistingAdvisors(true);
+
+		Pointcut cpc = new AnnotationMatchingPointcut(Retryable.class, true);
+		Pointcut mpc = new AnnotationMatchingPointcut(null, Retryable.class, true);
+		this.advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(
+				new ComposablePointcut(cpc).union(mpc),
+				new RetryAnnotationInterceptor());
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/annotation/RetryAnnotationInterceptor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.AbstractRetryInterceptor;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.MethodRetryPredicate;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.MethodRetrySpec;
+import org.springframework.core.MethodClassKey;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
+import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
+
+/**
+ * An annotation-based retry interceptor based on {@link Retryable} annotations.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ */
+public class RetryAnnotationInterceptor extends AbstractRetryInterceptor {
+
+	private final Map<MethodClassKey, MethodRetrySpec> retrySpecCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+
+	@Override
+	protected @Nullable MethodRetrySpec getRetrySpec(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
+		MethodClassKey cacheKey = new MethodClassKey(method, targetClass);
+		MethodRetrySpec retrySpec = this.retrySpecCache.get(cacheKey);
+		if (retrySpec != null) {
+			return retrySpec;
+		}
+
+		Retryable retryable = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotation(method, Retryable.class);
+		if (retryable == null) {
+			retryable = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotation(targetClass, Retryable.class);
+			if (retryable == null) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		retrySpec = new MethodRetrySpec(
+				Arrays.asList(retryable.includes()), Arrays.asList(retryable.excludes()),
+				instantiatePredicate(retryable.predicate()), retryable.maxAttempts(),
+				retryable.delay(), retryable.jitterDelay(),
+				retryable.delayMultiplier(), retryable.maxDelay());
+
+		MethodRetrySpec existing = this.retrySpecCache.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, retrySpec);
+		return (existing != null ? existing : retrySpec);
+	}
+
+	private MethodRetryPredicate instantiatePredicate(Class<? extends MethodRetryPredicate> predicateClass) {
+		if (predicateClass == MethodRetryPredicate.class) {
+			return (method, throwable) -> true;
+		}
+		try {
+			return ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(predicateClass).newInstance();
+		}
+		catch (Throwable ex) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to instantiate predicate class [" + predicateClass + "]", ex);
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/annotation/Retryable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.MethodRetryPredicate;
+import org.springframework.aot.hint.annotation.Reflective;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
+
+/**
+ * A common annotation specifying retry characteristics for an individual method,
+ * or for all proxy-invoked methods in a given class hierarchy if annotated at
+ * the type level.
+ *
+ * <p>Aligned with {@link org.springframework.core.retry.RetryTemplate}
+ * as well as Reactor's retry support, either re-invoking an imperative
+ * target method or decorating a reactive result accordingly.
+ *
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ * @see RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
+ * @see RetryAnnotationInterceptor
+ * @see org.springframework.core.retry.RetryTemplate
+ * @see reactor.core.publisher.Mono#retryWhen
+ * @see reactor.core.publisher.Flux#retryWhen
+ */
+@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Documented
+@Reflective
+public @interface Retryable {
+
+	/**
+	 * Convenient default attribute for {@link #includes()},
+	 * typically used with a single exception type to retry for.
+	 */
+	@AliasFor("includes")
+	Class<? extends Throwable>[] value() default {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Applicable exceptions types to attempt a retry for. This attribute
+	 * allows for the convenient specification of assignable exception types.
+	 * <p>The default is empty, leading to a retry attempt for any exception.
+	 * @see #excludes()
+	 * @see #predicate()
+	 */
+	@AliasFor("value")
+	Class<? extends Throwable>[] includes() default {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Non-applicable exceptions types to avoid a retry for. This attribute
+	 * allows for the convenient specification of assignable exception types.
+	 * <p>The default is empty, leading to a retry attempt for any exception.
+	 * @see #includes()
+	 * @see #predicate()
+	 */
+	Class<? extends Throwable>[] excludes() default {};
+
+	/**
+	 * A predicate for filtering applicable exceptions for which
+	 * an invocation can be retried.
+	 * <p>The default is a retry attempt for any exception.
+	 * @see #includes()
+	 * @see #excludes()
+	 */
+	Class<? extends MethodRetryPredicate> predicate() default MethodRetryPredicate.class;
+
+	/**
+	 * The maximum number of retry attempts, in addition to the initial invocation.
+	 * <p>The default is 3.
+	 */
+	int maxAttempts() default 3;
+
+	/**
+	 * The base delay after the initial invocation in milliseconds.
+	 * If a multiplier is specified, this serves as the initial delay to multiply from.
+	 * <p>The default is 1000.
+	 * @see #jitterDelay()
+	 * @see #delayMultiplier()
+	 * @see #maxDelay()
+	 */
+	long delay() default 1000;
+
+	/**
+	 * A jitter delay for the base retry attempt (in milliseconds), randomly
+	 * subtracted or added to the calculated delay, resulting in a value
+	 * between {@code delay - jitterDelay} and {@code delay + jitterDelay}
+	 * but never below the base {@link #delay()} or above {@link #maxDelay()}.
+	 * If a multiplier is specified, it applies to the jitter delay as well.
+	 * <p>The default is 0 (no jitter).
+	 * @see #delay()
+	 * @see #delayMultiplier()
+	 * @see #maxDelay()
+	 */
+	long jitterDelay() default 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * A multiplier for a delay for the next retry attempt, applied
+	 * to the previous delay (starting with {@link #delay()}) as well
+	 * as to the applicable {@link #jitterDelay()} for each attempt.
+	 * <p>The default is 1.0, effectively leading to a fixed delay.
+	 * @see #delay()
+	 * @see #jitterDelay()
+	 * @see #maxDelay()
+	 */
+	double delayMultiplier() default 1.0;
+
+	/**
+	 * The maximum delay for any retry attempt (in milliseconds), limiting
+	 * how far {@link #jitterDelay()} and {@link #delayMultiplier()} can
+	 * increase {@link #delay()}.
+	 * <p>The default is unlimited.
+	 * @see #delay()
+	 * @see #jitterDelay()
+	 * @see #delayMultiplier()
+	 */
+	long maxDelay() default Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/annotation/package-info.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * Annotation-based retry support for common Spring setups.
+ */
+@NullMarked
+package org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation;
+
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/package-info.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * A retry interceptor arrangement based on {@code core.retry} and Reactor.
+ */
+@NullMarked
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/ReactiveRetryInterceptorTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
+
+import org.springframework.aop.framework.AopProxyUtils;
+import org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.RetryAnnotationInterceptor;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.Retryable;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ */
+public class ReactiveRetryInterceptorTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void withSimpleInterceptor() {
+		NonAnnotatedBean target = new NonAnnotatedBean();
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.setTarget(target);
+		pf.addAdvice(new SimpleRetryInterceptor(new MethodRetrySpec((m, t) -> true, 5, 10)));
+		NonAnnotatedBean proxy = (NonAnnotatedBean) pf.getProxy();
+
+		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.retryOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class).havingCause().withMessage("6");
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withAnnotationInterceptorForMethod() {
+		AnnotatedMethodBean target = new AnnotatedMethodBean();
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.setTarget(target);
+		pf.addAdvice(new RetryAnnotationInterceptor());
+		AnnotatedMethodBean proxy = (AnnotatedMethodBean) pf.getProxy();
+
+		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.retryOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class).havingCause().withMessage("6");
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withPostProcessorForMethod() {
+		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("bean", new RootBeanDefinition(AnnotatedMethodBean.class));
+		RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
+		bpp.setBeanFactory(bf);
+		bf.addBeanPostProcessor(bpp);
+		AnnotatedMethodBean proxy = bf.getBean(AnnotatedMethodBean.class);
+		AnnotatedMethodBean target = (AnnotatedMethodBean) AopProxyUtils.getSingletonTarget(proxy);
+
+		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.retryOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class).havingCause().withMessage("6");
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withAnnotationInterceptorForClass() {
+		AnnotatedClassBean target = new AnnotatedClassBean();
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.setTarget(target);
+		pf.addAdvice(new RetryAnnotationInterceptor());
+		AnnotatedClassBean proxy = (AnnotatedClassBean) pf.getProxy();
+
+		assertThatRuntimeException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.retryOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class).havingCause().withMessage("3");
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(3);
+		assertThatRuntimeException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.otherOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class);
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(4);
+		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.overrideOperation().blockFirst())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class);
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withPostProcessorForClass() {
+		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("bean", new RootBeanDefinition(AnnotatedClassBean.class));
+		RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
+		bpp.setBeanFactory(bf);
+		bf.addBeanPostProcessor(bpp);
+		AnnotatedClassBean proxy = bf.getBean(AnnotatedClassBean.class);
+		AnnotatedClassBean target = (AnnotatedClassBean) AopProxyUtils.getSingletonTarget(proxy);
+
+		assertThatRuntimeException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.retryOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class).havingCause().withMessage("3");
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(3);
+		assertThatRuntimeException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.otherOperation().block())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class);
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(4);
+		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() -> proxy.overrideOperation().blockFirst())
+				.withCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class);
+		assertThat(target.counter.get()).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+
+	public static class NonAnnotatedBean {
+
+		AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger();
+
+		public Mono<Object> retryOperation() {
+			return Mono.fromCallable(() -> {
+				counter.incrementAndGet();
+				throw new IOException(counter.toString());
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	public static class AnnotatedMethodBean {
+
+		AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger();
+
+		@Retryable(maxAttempts = 5, delay = 10)
+		public Mono<Object> retryOperation() {
+			return Mono.fromCallable(() -> {
+				counter.incrementAndGet();
+				throw new IOException(counter.toString());
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Retryable(delay = 10, jitterDelay = 5, delayMultiplier = 2.0, maxDelay = 40,
+			includes = IOException.class, excludes = AccessDeniedException.class,
+			predicate = CustomPredicate.class)
+	public static class AnnotatedClassBean {
+
+		AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger();
+
+		public Mono<Object> retryOperation() {
+			return Mono.fromCallable(() -> {
+				counter.incrementAndGet();
+				throw new IOException(counter.toString());
+			});
+		}
+
+		public Mono<Object> otherOperation() {
+			return Mono.fromCallable(() -> {
+				counter.incrementAndGet();
+				throw new AccessDeniedException(counter.toString());
+			});
+		}
+
+		@Retryable(value = IOException.class, maxAttempts = 1, delay = 10)
+		public Flux<Object> overrideOperation() {
+			return Flux.from(Mono.fromCallable(() -> {
+				counter.incrementAndGet();
+				throw new AccessDeniedException(counter.toString());
+			}));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	private static class CustomPredicate implements MethodRetryPredicate {
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean shouldRetry(Method method, Throwable throwable) {
+			return !"3".equals(throwable.getMessage());
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/retry/RetryInterceptorTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.retry;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.aop.framework.AopProxyUtils;
+import org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.RetryAnnotationInterceptor;
+import org.springframework.aop.retry.annotation.Retryable;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIOException;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @since 7.0
+ */
+public class RetryInterceptorTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void withSimpleInterceptor() {
+		NonAnnotatedBean target = new NonAnnotatedBean();
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.setTarget(target);
+		pf.addAdvice(new SimpleRetryInterceptor(new MethodRetrySpec((m, t) -> true, 5, 10)));
+		NonAnnotatedBean proxy = (NonAnnotatedBean) pf.getProxy();
+
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::retryOperation).withMessage("6");
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withAnnotationInterceptorForMethod() {
+		AnnotatedMethodBean target = new AnnotatedMethodBean();
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.setTarget(target);
+		pf.addAdvice(new RetryAnnotationInterceptor());
+		AnnotatedMethodBean proxy = (AnnotatedMethodBean) pf.getProxy();
+
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::retryOperation).withMessage("6");
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withPostProcessorForMethod() {
+		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("bean", new RootBeanDefinition(AnnotatedMethodBean.class));
+		RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
+		bpp.setBeanFactory(bf);
+		bf.addBeanPostProcessor(bpp);
+		AnnotatedMethodBean proxy = bf.getBean(AnnotatedMethodBean.class);
+		AnnotatedMethodBean target = (AnnotatedMethodBean) AopProxyUtils.getSingletonTarget(proxy);
+
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::retryOperation).withMessage("6");
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withAnnotationInterceptorForClass() {
+		AnnotatedClassBean target = new AnnotatedClassBean();
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.setTarget(target);
+		pf.addAdvice(new RetryAnnotationInterceptor());
+		AnnotatedClassBean proxy = (AnnotatedClassBean) pf.getProxy();
+
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::retryOperation).withMessage("3");
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(3);
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::otherOperation);
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(4);
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::overrideOperation);
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withPostProcessorForClass() {
+		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("bean", new RootBeanDefinition(AnnotatedClassBean.class));
+		RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new RetryAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
+		bpp.setBeanFactory(bf);
+		bf.addBeanPostProcessor(bpp);
+		AnnotatedClassBean proxy = bf.getBean(AnnotatedClassBean.class);
+		AnnotatedClassBean target = (AnnotatedClassBean) AopProxyUtils.getSingletonTarget(proxy);
+
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::retryOperation).withMessage("3");
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(3);
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::otherOperation);
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(4);
+		assertThatIOException().isThrownBy(proxy::overrideOperation);
+		assertThat(target.counter).isEqualTo(6);
+	}
+
+
+	public static class NonAnnotatedBean {
+
+		int counter = 0;
+
+		public void retryOperation() throws IOException {
+			counter++;
+			throw new IOException(Integer.toString(counter));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	public static class AnnotatedMethodBean {
+
+		int counter = 0;
+
+		@Retryable(maxAttempts = 5, delay = 10)
+		public void retryOperation() throws IOException {
+			counter++;
+			throw new IOException(Integer.toString(counter));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Retryable(delay = 10, jitterDelay = 5, delayMultiplier = 2.0, maxDelay = 40,
+			includes = IOException.class, excludes = AccessDeniedException.class,
+			predicate = CustomPredicate.class)
+	public static class AnnotatedClassBean {
+
+		int counter = 0;
+
+		public void retryOperation() throws IOException {
+			counter++;
+			throw new IOException(Integer.toString(counter));
+		}
+
+		public void otherOperation() throws IOException {
+			counter++;
+			throw new AccessDeniedException(Integer.toString(counter));
+		}
+
+		@Retryable(value = IOException.class, maxAttempts = 1, delay = 10)
+		public void overrideOperation() throws IOException {
+			counter++;
+			throw new AccessDeniedException(Integer.toString(counter));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	private static class CustomPredicate implements MethodRetryPredicate {
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean shouldRetry(Method method, Throwable throwable) {
+			return !"3".equals(throwable.getMessage());
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/backoff/ExponentialBackOff.java

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ import java.util.StringJoiner;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
- * Implementation of {@link BackOff} that increases the back off period for each
+ * Implementation of {@link BackOff} that increases the back-off period for each attempt.
- * retry attempt. When the interval has reached the {@linkplain #setMaxInterval
+ * When the interval has reached the {@linkplain #setMaxInterval max interval}, it is no
- * max interval}, it is no longer increased. Stops retrying once the
+ * longer increased. Stops once the {@linkplain #setMaxElapsedTime max elapsed time} or
- * {@linkplain #setMaxElapsedTime max elapsed time} has been reached.
+ * {@linkplain #setMaxAttempts max attempts} has been reached.
  *
  * <p>Example: The default interval is {@value #DEFAULT_INITIAL_INTERVAL} ms;
  * the default multiplier is {@value #DEFAULT_MULTIPLIER}; and the default max
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
  * as follows:
  *
  * <pre>
- * request#     back off
+ * request#     back-off
  *
  *  1              2000
  *  2              3000
@@ -55,32 +55,39 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
  *
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
  * @author Gary Russell
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @since 4.1
  */
 public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 
 	/**
-	 * The default initial interval.
+	 * The default initial interval: 2000 ms.
 	 */
 	public static final long DEFAULT_INITIAL_INTERVAL = 2000L;
 
+	/**
+	 * The default jitter range for each interval: 0 ms.
+	 * @since 7.0
+	 */
+	public static final long DEFAULT_JITTER = 0;
+
 	/**
 	 * The default multiplier (increases the interval by 50%).
 	 */
 	public static final double DEFAULT_MULTIPLIER = 1.5;
 
 	/**
-	 * The default maximum back off time.
+	 * The default maximum back-off time: 30000 ms.
 	 */
 	public static final long DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL = 30000L;
 
 	/**
-	 * The default maximum elapsed time.
+	 * The default maximum elapsed time: unlimited.
 	 */
 	public static final long DEFAULT_MAX_ELAPSED_TIME = Long.MAX_VALUE;
 
 	/**
-	 * The default maximum attempts.
+	 * The default maximum attempts: unlimited.
 	 * @since 6.1
 	 */
 	public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ATTEMPTS = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
@@ -88,6 +95,8 @@ public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 
 	private long initialInterval = DEFAULT_INITIAL_INTERVAL;
 
+	private long jitter = DEFAULT_JITTER;
+
 	private double multiplier = DEFAULT_MULTIPLIER;
 
 	private long maxInterval = DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL;
@@ -100,6 +109,7 @@ public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 	/**
 	 * Create an instance with the default settings.
 	 * @see #DEFAULT_INITIAL_INTERVAL
+	 * @see #DEFAULT_JITTER
 	 * @see #DEFAULT_MULTIPLIER
 	 * @see #DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL
 	 * @see #DEFAULT_MAX_ELAPSED_TIME
@@ -135,29 +145,57 @@ public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Set the value to multiply the current interval by for each retry attempt.
+	 * Set the jitter range (ms) to apply for each interval, leading to random
+	 * milliseconds within the range to be subtracted or added, resulting in a
+	 * value between {@code interval - jitter} and {@code interval + jitter}
+	 * but never below {@code initialInterval} or above {@code maxInterval}.
+	 * If a multiplier is specified, it applies to the jitter range as well.
+	 * @since 7.0
+	 */
+	public void setJitter(long jitter) {
+		Assert.isTrue(jitter >= 0, () -> "Invalid jitter '" + jitter + "': Must be >=0.");
+		this.jitter = jitter;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the jitter range to apply for each interval.
+	 * @since 7.0
+	 */
+	public long getJitter() {
+		return this.jitter;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Set the value to multiply the current interval by for each attempt.
+	 * <p>This applies to the {@linkplain #setInitialInterval initial interval}
+	 * as well as the {@linkplain #setJitter jitter range}.
 	 */
 	public void setMultiplier(double multiplier) {
 		checkMultiplier(multiplier);
 		this.multiplier = multiplier;
 	}
 
+	private void checkMultiplier(double multiplier) {
+		Assert.isTrue(multiplier >= 1, () -> "Invalid multiplier '" + multiplier + "': " +
+				"Should be greater than or equal to 1. A multiplier of 1 is equivalent to a fixed interval.");
+	}
+
 	/**
-	 * Return the value to multiply the current interval by for each retry attempt.
+	 * Return the value to multiply the current interval by for each attempt.
 	 */
 	public double getMultiplier() {
 		return this.multiplier;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Set the maximum back off time in milliseconds.
+	 * Set the maximum back-off time in milliseconds.
 	 */
 	public void setMaxInterval(long maxInterval) {
 		this.maxInterval = maxInterval;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Return the maximum back off time in milliseconds.
+	 * Return the maximum back-off time in milliseconds.
 	 */
 	public long getMaxInterval() {
 		return this.maxInterval;
@@ -211,15 +249,11 @@ public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 		return new ExponentialBackOffExecution();
 	}
 
-	private void checkMultiplier(double multiplier) {
-		Assert.isTrue(multiplier >= 1, () -> "Invalid multiplier '" + multiplier + "'. Should be greater than " +
-					"or equal to 1. A multiplier of 1 is equivalent to a fixed interval.");
-	}
-
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
 		return new StringJoiner(", ", ExponentialBackOff.class.getSimpleName() + "{", "}")
 				.add("initialInterval=" + this.initialInterval)
+				.add("jitter=" + this.jitter)
 				.add("multiplier=" + this.multiplier)
 				.add("maxInterval=" + this.maxInterval)
 				.add("maxElapsedTime=" + this.maxElapsedTime)
@@ -234,7 +268,7 @@ public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 
 		private long currentElapsedTime = 0;
 
-		private int attempts;
+		private int attempts = 0;
 
 		@Override
 		public long nextBackOff() {
@@ -249,23 +283,30 @@ public class ExponentialBackOff implements BackOff {
 
 		private long computeNextInterval() {
 			long maxInterval = getMaxInterval();
-			if (this.currentInterval >= maxInterval) {
+			long nextInterval;
-				return maxInterval;
+			if (this.currentInterval < 0) {
+				nextInterval = getInitialInterval();
 			}
-			else if (this.currentInterval < 0) {
+			else if (this.currentInterval >= maxInterval) {
-				long initialInterval = getInitialInterval();
+				nextInterval = maxInterval;
-				this.currentInterval = Math.min(initialInterval, maxInterval);
 			}
 			else {
-				this.currentInterval = multiplyInterval(maxInterval);
+				nextInterval = Math.min((long) (this.currentInterval * getMultiplier()), maxInterval);
 			}
-			return this.currentInterval;
+			this.currentInterval = nextInterval;
+			return Math.min(applyJitter(nextInterval), maxInterval);
 		}
 
-		private long multiplyInterval(long maxInterval) {
+		private long applyJitter(long interval) {
-			long i = this.currentInterval;
+			long jitter = getJitter();
-			i *= getMultiplier();
+			if (jitter > 0) {
-			return Math.min(i, maxInterval);
+				long initialInterval = getInitialInterval();
+				long applicableJitter = jitter * (interval / initialInterval);
+				long min = Math.max(interval - applicableJitter, initialInterval);
+				long max = Math.min(interval + applicableJitter, getMaxInterval());
+				return min + (long) (Math.random() * (max - min));
+			}
+			return interval;
 		}
 
 		@Override