diff --git a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanFactory.java b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanFactory.java
index 692571f5f0d..dee9a440a0b 100644
--- a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanFactory.java
+++ b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanFactory.java
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 				// Cache the merged bean definition for the time being
 				// (it might still get re-merged later on in order to pick up metadata changes)
 				if (containingBd == null && (isCacheBeanMetadata() || isBeanEligibleForMetadataCaching(beanName))) {
-					this.mergedBeanDefinitions.put(beanName, mbd);
+					cacheMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName);
 				}
 			}
 			if (previous != null) {
@@ -1487,6 +1487,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Cache the given merged bean definition.
+	 * <p>Subclasses can override this to derive additional cached state
+	 * from the final post-processed bean definition.
+	 * @param mbd the merged bean definition to cache
+	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
+	 * @since 6.2.6
+	 */
+	protected void cacheMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition mbd, String beanName) {
+		this.mergedBeanDefinitions.put(beanName, mbd);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Check the given merged bean definition,
 	 * potentially throwing validation exceptions.
diff --git a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java
index 8aa4231646f..17c757e01b0 100644
--- a/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java
+++ b/spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java
@@ -1004,6 +1004,14 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 		return super.obtainInstanceFromSupplier(supplier, beanName, mbd);
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	protected void cacheMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition mbd, String beanName) {
+		super.cacheMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName);
+		if (mbd.isPrimary()) {
+			this.primaryBeanNames.add(beanName);
+		}
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	protected void checkMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition mbd, String beanName, @Nullable Object @Nullable [] args) {
 		super.checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
diff --git a/spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java b/spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java
index e88e982c623..7a8a43e4eac 100644
--- a/spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java
+++ b/spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java
@@ -1727,6 +1727,40 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		tb2.setFactoryMethodName("newTestBean2");
 		tb2.setLazyInit(true);
 		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean2", tb2);
+		bf.registerAlias("testBean2", "testBean");
+
+		ObjectProviderInjectionBean bean = bf.getBean("annotatedBean", ObjectProviderInjectionBean.class);
+		TestBean testBean1 = bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isSameAs(testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.getOptionalTestBean()).isSameAs(testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.consumeOptionalTestBean()).isSameAs(testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.getUniqueTestBean()).isSameAs(testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.consumeUniqueTestBean()).isSameAs(testBean1);
+		assertThat(bf.containsSingleton("testBean2")).isFalse();
+
+		TestBean testBean2 = bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.iterateTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.forEachTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean2, testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean2, testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.allSingletonBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.allSingletonBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean2, testBean1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void objectProviderInjectionWithLateMarkedTargetPrimary() {
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", new RootBeanDefinition(ObjectProviderInjectionBean.class));
+		RootBeanDefinition tb1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBeanFactory.class);
+		tb1.setFactoryMethodName("newTestBean1");
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean1", tb1);
+		RootBeanDefinition tb2 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBeanFactory.class);
+		tb2.setFactoryMethodName("newTestBean2");
+		tb2.setLazyInit(true);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean2", tb2);
+		bf.registerAlias("testBean2", "testBean");
+		tb1.setPrimary(true);
 
 		ObjectProviderInjectionBean bean = bf.getBean("annotatedBean", ObjectProviderInjectionBean.class);
 		TestBean testBean1 = bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class);