Support automatic discovery of default TELs

Prior to this commit, there was no declarative mechanism for a custom
TestExecutionListener to be registered as a default
TestExecutionListener.

This commit introduces support for discovering default
TestExecutionListener implementations via the SpringFactoriesLoader
mechanism. Specifically, the spring-test module declares all core
default TestExecutionListeners under the
org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener key in its
META-INF/spring.factories properties file, and third-party frameworks
and developers can contribute to the list of default
TestExecutionListeners in the same manner.

 - AbstractTestContextBootstrapper uses the SpringFactoriesLoader to
   look up the class names of all registered default
   TestExecutionListeners and sorts the instantiated listeners using
   AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.

 - DefaultTestContextBootstrapper and WebTestContextBootstrapper now
   rely on the SpringFactoriesLoader mechanism for finding default
   TestExecutionListeners instead of hard coding fully qualified class
   names.

 - To ensure that default TestExecutionListeners are registered in the
   correct order, each can implement Ordered or declare @Order.

 - AbstractTestExecutionListener and all default TestExecutionListeners
   provided by Spring now implement Ordered with appropriate values.

 - Introduced "copy constructors" in MergedContextConfiguration and
   WebMergedContextConfiguration

 - SpringFactoriesLoader now uses AnnotationAwareOrderComparator
   instead of OrderComparator.

Issue: SPR-11466

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/support/SpringFactoriesLoader.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import java.util.Properties;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
-import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
 import org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  *
  * @author Arjen Poutsma
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 3.2
  */
 public abstract class SpringFactoriesLoader {
 
 	/** The location to look for the factories. Can be present in multiple JAR files. */
-	private static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
+	public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
 
 	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SpringFactoriesLoader.class);
 
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ public abstract class SpringFactoriesLoader {
 	/**
 	 * Load the factory implementations of the given type from the default location,
 	 * using the given class loader.
-	 * <p>The returned factories are ordered in accordance with the {@link OrderComparator}.
+	 * <p>The returned factories are ordered in accordance with the {@link AnnotationAwareOrderComparator}.
 	 * @param factoryClass the interface or abstract class representing the factory
 	 * @param classLoader the ClassLoader to use for loading (can be {@code null} to use the default)
 	 */
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ public abstract class SpringFactoriesLoader {
 		for (String factoryName : factoryNames) {
 			result.add(instantiateFactory(factoryName, factoryClass, classLoaderToUse));
 		}
-		OrderComparator.sort(result);
+		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(result);
 		return result;
 	}
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/MergedContextConfiguration.java

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ public class MergedContextConfiguration implements Serializable {
 	private final String[] propertySourceProperties;
 	private final ContextLoader contextLoader;
 	private final CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate;
+
 	private final MergedContextConfiguration parent;
 
 
@@ -185,6 +186,18 @@ public class MergedContextConfiguration implements Serializable {
 			cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate, parent);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code MergedContextConfiguration} instance by copying
+	 * all fields from the supplied {@code MergedContextConfiguration}.
+	 * @since 4.1
+	 */
+	public MergedContextConfiguration(MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig) {
+		this(mergedConfig.testClass, mergedConfig.locations, mergedConfig.classes,
+			mergedConfig.contextInitializerClasses, mergedConfig.activeProfiles, mergedConfig.propertySourceLocations,
+			mergedConfig.propertySourceProperties, mergedConfig.contextLoader,
+			mergedConfig.cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate, mergedConfig.parent);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Create a new {@code MergedContextConfiguration} instance for the
 	 * supplied parameters.

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/TestContextBootstrapper.java

@@ -63,8 +63,16 @@ public interface TestContextBootstrapper {
 	 * for the test class in the {@link BootstrapContext} associated with this bootstrapper.
 	 * <p>If {@link TestExecutionListeners @TestExecutionListeners} is not
 	 * <em>present</em> on the test class in the {@code BootstrapContext},
-	 * <em>default</em> listeners should be returned. Concrete implementations
-	 * are free to determine what comprises the set of default listeners.
+	 * <em>default</em> listeners should be returned. Furthermore, default
+	 * listeners must be sorted using
+	 * {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator
+	 * AnnotationAwareOrderComparator}.
+	 * <p>Concrete implementations are free to determine what comprises the
+	 * set of default listeners. However, by default, the Spring TestContext
+	 * Framework will use the
+	 * {@link org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader SpringFactoriesLoader}
+	 * mechanism to look up all {@code TestExecutionListener} class names
+	 * configured in all {@code META-INF/spring.factories} files on the classpath.
 	 * <p>The {@link TestExecutionListeners#inheritListeners() inheritListeners}
 	 * flag of {@link TestExecutionListeners @TestExecutionListeners} must be
 	 * taken into consideration. Specifically, if the {@code inheritListeners}

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/TestExecutionListener.java

@@ -23,7 +23,13 @@ package org.springframework.test.context;
  * <p>Concrete implementations must provide a {@code public} no-args constructor,
  * so that listeners can be instantiated transparently by tools and configuration
  * mechanisms.
- * <p>Spring provides the following out-of-the-box implementations:
+ * <p>Implementations may optionally declare the position in which they should
+ * be ordered among the chain of default listeners via the
+ * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered Order} interface or
+ * {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.Order @Order} annotation. See
+ * {@link TestContextBootstrapper#getTestExecutionListeners()} for details.
+ * <p>Spring provides the following out-of-the-box implementations (all of
+ * which are annotated with {@code @Order}):
  * <ul>
  * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener
  * ServletTestExecutionListener}</li>

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -89,6 +89,14 @@ public class SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionListen
 	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.class);
 
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code 5000}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final int getOrder() {
+		return 5000;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Execute SQL scripts configured via {@link Sql @Sql} for the supplied
 	 * {@link TestContext} <em>before</em> the current test method.

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java

@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
 import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
+import org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader;
 import org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapContext;
 import org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
@@ -55,11 +57,10 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  * provides most of the behavior required by a bootstrapper.
  *
  * <p>Concrete subclasses typically will only need to provide implementations for
- * the following {@code abstract} methods:
+ * the following methods:
  * <ul>
- * <li>{@link #getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames}
  * <li>{@link #getDefaultContextLoaderClass}
- * <li>{@link #buildMergedContextConfiguration}
+ * <li>{@link #processMergedContextConfiguration}
  * </ul>
  *
  * @author Sam Brannen
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 		Class<?> clazz = getBootstrapContext().getTestClass();
 		Class<TestExecutionListeners> annotationType = TestExecutionListeners.class;
 		List<Class<? extends TestExecutionListener>> classesList = new ArrayList<Class<? extends TestExecutionListener>>();
+		boolean usingDefaults = false;
 
 		AnnotationDescriptor<TestExecutionListeners> descriptor = MetaAnnotationUtils.findAnnotationDescriptor(clazz,
 			annotationType);
@@ -105,9 +107,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 		// Use defaults?
 		if (descriptor == null) {
 			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-				logger.debug("@TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [" + clazz.getName()
-						+ "]: using defaults.");
+				logger.debug(String.format("@TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [%s]: using defaults.",
+					clazz.getName()));
 			}
+			usingDefaults = true;
 			classesList.addAll(getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClasses());
 		}
 		else {
@@ -142,6 +145,20 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 			}
 		}
 
+		List<TestExecutionListener> listeners = instantiateListeners(classesList);
+
+		// Sort by Ordered/@Order if we loaded default listeners.
+		if (usingDefaults) {
+			AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(listeners);
+		}
+
+		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			logger.info(String.format("Using TestExecutionListeners: %s", listeners));
+		}
+		return listeners;
+	}
+
+	private List<TestExecutionListener> instantiateListeners(List<Class<? extends TestExecutionListener>> classesList) {
 		List<TestExecutionListener> listeners = new ArrayList<TestExecutionListener>(classesList.size());
 		for (Class<? extends TestExecutionListener> listenerClass : classesList) {
 			NoClassDefFoundError ncdfe = null;
@@ -194,6 +211,28 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 		return defaultListenerClasses;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Get the names of the default {@link TestExecutionListener} classes for
+	 * this bootstrapper.
+	 * <p>The default implementation looks up all
+	 * {@code org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener} entries
+	 * configured in all {@code META-INF/spring.factories} files on the classpath.
+	 * <p>This method is invoked by {@link #getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClasses()}.
+	 * @return an <em>unmodifiable</em> list of names of default {@code TestExecutionListener}
+	 * classes
+	 * @see SpringFactoriesLoader#loadFactoryNames
+	 */
+	protected List<String> getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames() {
+		final List<String> classNames = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(TestExecutionListener.class,
+			getClass().getClassLoader());
+
+		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+			logger.info(String.format("Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [%s]: %s",
+				SpringFactoriesLoader.FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION, classNames));
+		}
+		return Collections.unmodifiableList(classNames);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * {@inheritDoc}
 	 */
@@ -302,9 +341,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 		String[] activeProfiles = ActiveProfilesUtils.resolveActiveProfiles(testClass);
 		MergedTestPropertySources mergedTestPropertySources = TestPropertySourceUtils.buildMergedTestPropertySources(testClass);
 
-		return buildMergedContextConfiguration(testClass, locations, classes, initializerClasses, activeProfiles,
-			mergedTestPropertySources.getLocations(), mergedTestPropertySources.getProperties(), contextLoader,
-			cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate, parentConfig);
+		MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig = new MergedContextConfiguration(testClass, locations, classes,
+			initializerClasses, activeProfiles, mergedTestPropertySources.getLocations(),
+			mergedTestPropertySources.getProperties(), contextLoader, cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate, parentConfig);
+
+		return processMergedContextConfiguration(mergedConfig);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -383,15 +424,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 		return null;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Get the names of the default {@link TestExecutionListener} classes for
-	 * this bootstrapper.
-	 * <p>This method is invoked by {@link #getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClasses()}.
-	 * @return an <em>unmodifiable</em> list of names of default {@code
-	 * TestExecutionListener} classes
-	 */
-	protected abstract List<String> getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames();
-
 	/**
 	 * Determine the default {@link ContextLoader} class to use for the supplied
 	 * test class.
@@ -403,34 +435,19 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestContextBootstrapper implements TestContextBoot
 	protected abstract Class<? extends ContextLoader> getDefaultContextLoaderClass(Class<?> testClass);
 
 	/**
-	 * Build a {@link MergedContextConfiguration} instance from the supplied,
-	 * merged values.
-	 * <p>Concrete subclasses typically will only need to instantiate
-	 * {@link MergedContextConfiguration} (or a specialized subclass thereof)
-	 * from the provided values; further processing and merging of values is likely
-	 * unnecessary.
-	 * @param testClass the test class for which the {@code MergedContextConfiguration}
-	 * should be built (must not be {@code null})
-	 * @param locations the merged resource locations
-	 * @param classes the merged annotated classes
-	 * @param initializerClasses the merged context initializer classes
-	 * @param activeProfiles the merged active bean definition profiles
-	 * @param propertySourceLocations the merged {@code PropertySource} locations
-	 * @param propertySourceProperties the merged {@code PropertySource} properties
-	 * @param contextLoader the resolved {@code ContextLoader}
-	 * @param cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate the cache-aware context loader delegate
-	 * to be provided to the instantiated {@code MergedContextConfiguration}
-	 * @param parentConfig the merged context configuration for the parent application
-	 * context in a context hierarchy, or {@code null} if there is no parent
-	 * @return the fully initialized {@code MergedContextConfiguration}
+	 * Process the supplied, newly instantiated {@link MergedContextConfiguration} instance.
+	 * <p>The returned {@link MergedContextConfiguration} instance may be a wrapper
+	 * around or a replacement for the original.
+	 * <p>The default implementation simply returns the supplied instance unmodified.
+	 * <p>Concrete subclasses may choose to return a specialized subclass of
+	 * {@link MergedContextConfiguration} based on properties in the supplied instance.
+	 * @param mergedConfig the {@code MergedContextConfiguration} to process;
+	 * never {@code null}
+	 * @return a fully initialized {@code MergedContextConfiguration}; never
+	 * {@code null}
 	 */
-	protected abstract MergedContextConfiguration buildMergedContextConfiguration(
-			Class<?> testClass,
-			String[] locations,
-			Class<?>[] classes,
-			Set<Class<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<? extends ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> initializerClasses,
-			String[] activeProfiles, String[] propertySourceLocations, String[] propertySourceProperties,
-			ContextLoader contextLoader, CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate,
-			MergedContextConfiguration parentConfig);
+	protected MergedContextConfiguration processMergedContextConfiguration(MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig) {
+		return mergedConfig;
+	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/AbstractTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.support;
 
+import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener;
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener;
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @since 2.5
  */
-public abstract class AbstractTestExecutionListener implements TestExecutionListener {
+public abstract class AbstractTestExecutionListener implements TestExecutionListener, Ordered {
 
 	/**
 	 * The default implementation is <em>empty</em>. Can be overridden by
@@ -75,4 +76,16 @@ public abstract class AbstractTestExecutionListener implements TestExecutionList
 		/* no-op */
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * The default implementation returns {@link Ordered#LOWEST_PRECEDENCE},
+	 * thereby ensuring that custom listeners are ordered after default
+	 * listeners supplied by the framework. Can be overridden by subclasses
+	 * as necessary.
+	 * @since 4.1
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public int getOrder() {
+		return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
+	}
+
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DefaultTestContextBootstrapper.java

@@ -16,60 +16,19 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.support;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
-
-import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
-import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
-import org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextLoader;
-import org.springframework.test.context.MergedContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestContextBootstrapper;
-import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener;
 
 /**
  * Default implementation of the {@link TestContextBootstrapper} SPI.
  *
- * <ul>
- * <li>Uses the following default {@link TestExecutionListener TestExecutionListeners}:
- * <ol>
- * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener}
- * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener}
- * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener}
- * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener}
- * </ol>
- * <li>Uses {@link DelegatingSmartContextLoader} as the default {@link ContextLoader}.
- * <li>Builds a standard {@link MergedContextConfiguration}.
- * </ul>
+ * <p>Uses {@link DelegatingSmartContextLoader} as the default {@link ContextLoader}.
  *
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 4.1
  */
 public class DefaultTestContextBootstrapper extends AbstractTestContextBootstrapper {
 
-	private static final List<String> DEFAULT_TEST_EXECUTION_LISTENER_CLASS_NAMES = Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(
-		"org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener",
-		"org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener",
-		"org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener",
-		"org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener"));
-
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns an unmodifiable list of fully qualified class names for the following
-	 * default {@link TestExecutionListener TestExecutionListeners}:
-	 * <ol>
-	 * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener}
-	 * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener}
-	 * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener}
-	 * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener}
-	 * </ol>
-	 */
-	protected List<String> getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames() {
-		return DEFAULT_TEST_EXECUTION_LISTENER_CLASS_NAMES;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Returns {@link DelegatingSmartContextLoader}.
 	 */
@@ -78,22 +37,4 @@ public class DefaultTestContextBootstrapper extends AbstractTestContextBootstrap
 		return DelegatingSmartContextLoader.class;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Builds a standard {@link MergedContextConfiguration}.
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected MergedContextConfiguration buildMergedContextConfiguration(
-			Class<?> testClass,
-			String[] locations,
-			Class<?>[] classes,
-			Set<Class<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<? extends ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> initializerClasses,
-			String[] activeProfiles, String[] propertySourceLocations, String[] propertySourceProperties,
-			ContextLoader contextLoader, CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate,
-			MergedContextConfiguration parentConfig) {
-
-		return new MergedContextConfiguration(testClass, locations, classes, initializerClasses, activeProfiles,
-			propertySourceLocations, propertySourceProperties, contextLoader, cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate,
-			parentConfig);
-	}
-
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.support;
 
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.core.Conventions;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;
@@ -49,11 +48,19 @@ public class DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecut
 	 * <p>Permissible values include {@link Boolean#TRUE} and {@link Boolean#FALSE}.
 	 */
 	public static final String REINJECT_DEPENDENCIES_ATTRIBUTE = Conventions.getQualifiedAttributeName(
-			DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, "reinjectDependencies");
+		DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, "reinjectDependencies");
 
 	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class);
 
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code 2000}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final int getOrder() {
+		return 2000;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Performs dependency injection on the
 	 * {@link TestContext#getTestInstance() test instance} of the supplied

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2013 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2014 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -48,20 +48,11 @@ public class DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionLi
 
 
 	/**
-	 * Marks the {@linkplain ApplicationContext application context} of the supplied
-	 * {@linkplain TestContext test context} as
-	 * {@linkplain TestContext#markApplicationContextDirty(DirtiesContext.HierarchyMode) dirty}
-	 * and sets {@link DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener#REINJECT_DEPENDENCIES_ATTRIBUTE}
-	 * in the test context to {@code true}.
-	 * @param testContext the test context whose application context should
-	 * marked as dirty
-	 * @param hierarchyMode the context cache clearing mode to be applied if the
-	 * context is part of a hierarchy; may be {@code null}
-	 * @since 3.2.2
+	 * Returns {@code 3000}.
 	 */
-	protected void dirtyContext(TestContext testContext, HierarchyMode hierarchyMode) {
-		testContext.markApplicationContextDirty(hierarchyMode);
-		testContext.setAttribute(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.REINJECT_DEPENDENCIES_ATTRIBUTE, Boolean.TRUE);
+	@Override
+	public final int getOrder() {
+		return 3000;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -132,4 +123,21 @@ public class DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionLi
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Marks the {@linkplain ApplicationContext application context} of the supplied
+	 * {@linkplain TestContext test context} as
+	 * {@linkplain TestContext#markApplicationContextDirty(DirtiesContext.HierarchyMode) dirty}
+	 * and sets {@link DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener#REINJECT_DEPENDENCIES_ATTRIBUTE}
+	 * in the test context to {@code true}.
+	 * @param testContext the test context whose application context should
+	 * marked as dirty
+	 * @param hierarchyMode the context cache clearing mode to be applied if the
+	 * context is part of a hierarchy; may be {@code null}
+	 * @since 3.2.2
+	 */
+	protected void dirtyContext(TestContext testContext, HierarchyMode hierarchyMode) {
+		testContext.markApplicationContextDirty(hierarchyMode);
+		testContext.setAttribute(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.REINJECT_DEPENDENCIES_ATTRIBUTE, Boolean.TRUE);
+	}
+
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/transaction/TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -144,6 +144,14 @@ public class TransactionalTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionLis
 	private TransactionConfigurationAttributes configurationAttributes;
 
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code 4000}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final int getOrder() {
+		return 4000;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * If the test method of the supplied {@linkplain TestContext test context}
 	 * is configured to run within a transaction, this method will run

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/web/ServletTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -87,6 +87,14 @@ public class ServletTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionListener
 	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ServletTestExecutionListener.class);
 
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code 1000}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public final int getOrder() {
+		return 1000;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Sets up thread-local state during the <em>test instance preparation</em>
 	 * callback phase via Spring Web's {@link RequestContextHolder}, but only if

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/web/WebMergedContextConfiguration.java

@@ -84,8 +84,7 @@ public class WebMergedContextConfiguration extends MergedContextConfiguration {
 			String[] activeProfiles, String resourceBasePath, ContextLoader contextLoader) {
 
 		this(testClass, locations, classes, contextInitializerClasses, activeProfiles, null, null, resourceBasePath,
-			contextLoader,
-			null, null);
+			contextLoader, null, null);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -122,6 +121,19 @@ public class WebMergedContextConfiguration extends MergedContextConfiguration {
 			contextLoader, cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate, parent);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code WebMergedContextConfiguration} instance by copying
+	 * all properties from the supplied {@code MergedContextConfiguration}.
+	 * <p>If an <em>empty</em> value is supplied for the {@code resourceBasePath}
+	 * an empty string will be used.
+	 * @param resourceBasePath the resource path to the root directory of the web application
+	 * @since 4.1
+	 */
+	public WebMergedContextConfiguration(MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig, String resourceBasePath) {
+		super(mergedConfig);
+		this.resourceBasePath = !StringUtils.hasText(resourceBasePath) ? "" : resourceBasePath;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Create a new {@code WebMergedContextConfiguration} instance for the
 	 * supplied parameters.

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/web/WebTestContextBootstrapper.java

@@ -16,34 +16,21 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.web;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
-
-import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
-import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
-import org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextLoader;
 import org.springframework.test.context.MergedContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestContextBootstrapper;
-import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener;
 import org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper;
 
 /**
  * Web-specific implementation of the {@link TestContextBootstrapper} SPI.
  *
  * <ul>
- * <li>Prepends {@link org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener}
- * to the list of default {@link TestExecutionListener TestExecutionListeners} supported by
- * the superclass.
  * <li>Uses {@link WebDelegatingSmartContextLoader} as the default {@link ContextLoader}
  * if the test class is annotated with {@link WebAppConfiguration @WebAppConfiguration}
  * and otherwise delegates to the superclass.
  * <li>Builds a {@link WebMergedContextConfiguration} if the test class is annotated
- * with {@link WebAppConfiguration @WebAppConfiguration} and otherwise delegates to
- * the superclass.
+ * with {@link WebAppConfiguration @WebAppConfiguration}.
  * </ul>
  *
  * @author Sam Brannen
@@ -51,18 +38,6 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper;
  */
 public class WebTestContextBootstrapper extends DefaultTestContextBootstrapper {
 
-	/**
-	 * Prepends {@link org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener}
-	 * to the list of default {@link TestExecutionListener TestExecutionListeners}
-	 * supported by the superclass and returns an unmodifiable, updated list.
-	 */
-	@Override
-	protected List<String> getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames() {
-		List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<String>(super.getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames());
-		classNames.add(0, "org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener");
-		return Collections.unmodifiableList(classNames);
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Returns {@link WebDelegatingSmartContextLoader} if the supplied class is
 	 * annotated with {@link WebAppConfiguration @WebAppConfiguration} and
@@ -79,33 +54,21 @@ public class WebTestContextBootstrapper extends DefaultTestContextBootstrapper {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Builds a {@link WebMergedContextConfiguration} if the supplied class is
-	 * annotated with {@link WebAppConfiguration @WebAppConfiguration} and
-	 * otherwise delegates to the superclass.
+	 * Returns a {@link WebMergedContextConfiguration} if the test class in the
+	 * supplied {@code MergedContextConfiguration} is annotated with
+	 * {@link WebAppConfiguration @WebAppConfiguration} and otherwise returns
+	 * the supplied instance unmodified.
 	 */
 	@Override
-	protected MergedContextConfiguration buildMergedContextConfiguration(
-			Class<?> testClass,
-			String[] locations,
-			Class<?>[] classes,
-			Set<Class<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<? extends ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> initializerClasses,
-			String[] activeProfiles, String[] propertySourceLocations, String[] propertySourceProperties,
-			ContextLoader contextLoader, CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate,
-			MergedContextConfiguration parentConfig) {
-
-		WebAppConfiguration webAppConfiguration = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(testClass, WebAppConfiguration.class);
+	protected MergedContextConfiguration processMergedContextConfiguration(MergedContextConfiguration mergedConfig) {
+		WebAppConfiguration webAppConfiguration = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(mergedConfig.getTestClass(),
+			WebAppConfiguration.class);
 		if (webAppConfiguration != null) {
-			String resourceBasePath = webAppConfiguration.value();
-
-			return new WebMergedContextConfiguration(testClass, locations, classes, initializerClasses, activeProfiles,
-				propertySourceLocations, propertySourceProperties, resourceBasePath, contextLoader,
-				cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate, parentConfig);
+			return new WebMergedContextConfiguration(mergedConfig, webAppConfiguration.value());
 		}
 
 		// else...
-		return super.buildMergedContextConfiguration(testClass, locations, classes, initializerClasses, activeProfiles,
-			propertySourceLocations, propertySourceProperties, contextLoader, cacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate,
-			parentConfig);
+		return mergedConfig;
 	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Default TestExecutionListeners for the Spring TestContext Framework
+#
+org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener = \
+    org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener,\
+	org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener,\
+	org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener,\
+	org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener,\
+	org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/TestExecutionListenersTests.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public class TestExecutionListenersTests {
 	@Test
 	public void verifyNumDefaultListenersRegistered() throws Exception {
 		TestContextManager testContextManager = new TestContextManager(DefaultListenersExampleTestCase.class);
-		assertEquals("Num registered TELs for DefaultListenersExampleTestCase.", 4,
+		assertEquals("Num registered TELs for DefaultListenersExampleTestCase.", 5,
 			testContextManager.getTestExecutionListeners().size());
 	}
 

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/TransactionalSqlScriptsTests.java

@@ -16,12 +16,19 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.jdbc;
 
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
 import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
 import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
+import org.springframework.test.jdbc.JdbcTestUtils;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 
@@ -31,11 +38,21 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.*;
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 4.1
  */
+@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
 @ContextConfiguration(classes = EmptyDatabaseConfig.class)
+@Transactional
 @Sql({ "schema.sql", "data.sql" })
 @DirtiesContext
-public class TransactionalSqlScriptsTests extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
+public class TransactionalSqlScriptsTests {
+
+	protected JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
+
+
+	@Autowired
+	public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
+		this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
+	}
 
 	@Test
 	// test##_ prefix is required for @FixMethodOrder.
@@ -50,6 +67,10 @@ public class TransactionalSqlScriptsTests extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4Spr
 		assertNumUsers(2);
 	}
 
+	protected int countRowsInTable(String tableName) {
+		return JdbcTestUtils.countRowsInTable(this.jdbcTemplate, tableName);
+	}
+
 	protected void assertNumUsers(int expected) {
 		assertEquals("Number of rows in the 'user' table.", expected, countRowsInTable("user"));
 	}

spring-test/src/test/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Test configuration file containing a non-existent default TestExecutionListener.
+org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener = org.example.FooListener