diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/env/AbstractEnvironment.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/env/AbstractEnvironment.java
index 6c5a71974f5..c44f5d622f4 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/env/AbstractEnvironment.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/env/AbstractEnvironment.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 import org.springframework.core.SpringProperties;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.support.ConfigurableConversionService;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
+import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
 import static java.lang.String.*;
@@ -103,9 +104,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 
 	protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
 
-	private Set<String> activeProfiles = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+	private final Set<String> activeProfiles = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
 
-	private Set<String> defaultProfiles = new LinkedHashSet<String>(getReservedDefaultProfiles());
+	private final Set<String> defaultProfiles = new LinkedHashSet<String>(getReservedDefaultProfiles());
 
 	private final MutablePropertySources propertySources = new MutablePropertySources(this.logger);
 
@@ -237,22 +238,26 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	 * @see #ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME
 	 */
 	protected Set<String> doGetActiveProfiles() {
-		if (this.activeProfiles.isEmpty()) {
-			String profiles = getProperty(ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME);
-			if (StringUtils.hasText(profiles)) {
-				setActiveProfiles(commaDelimitedListToStringArray(trimAllWhitespace(profiles)));
+		synchronized (this.activeProfiles) {
+			if (this.activeProfiles.isEmpty()) {
+				String profiles = getProperty(ACTIVE_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME);
+				if (StringUtils.hasText(profiles)) {
+					setActiveProfiles(commaDelimitedListToStringArray(trimAllWhitespace(profiles)));
+				}
 			}
+			return this.activeProfiles;
 		}
-		return this.activeProfiles;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void setActiveProfiles(String... profiles) {
 		Assert.notNull(profiles, "Profile array must not be null");
-		this.activeProfiles.clear();
-		for (String profile : profiles) {
-			validateProfile(profile);
-			this.activeProfiles.add(profile);
+		synchronized (this.activeProfiles) {
+			this.activeProfiles.clear();
+			for (String profile : profiles) {
+				validateProfile(profile);
+				this.activeProfiles.add(profile);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -263,7 +268,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 		}
 		validateProfile(profile);
 		doGetActiveProfiles();
-		this.activeProfiles.add(profile);
+		synchronized (this.activeProfiles) {
+			this.activeProfiles.add(profile);
+		}
 	}
 
 
@@ -285,13 +292,15 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	 * @see #getReservedDefaultProfiles()
 	 */
 	protected Set<String> doGetDefaultProfiles() {
-		if (this.defaultProfiles.equals(getReservedDefaultProfiles())) {
-			String profiles = getProperty(DEFAULT_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME);
-			if (StringUtils.hasText(profiles)) {
-				setDefaultProfiles(commaDelimitedListToStringArray(trimAllWhitespace(profiles)));
+		synchronized (this.defaultProfiles) {
+			if (this.defaultProfiles.equals(getReservedDefaultProfiles())) {
+				String profiles = getProperty(DEFAULT_PROFILES_PROPERTY_NAME);
+				if (StringUtils.hasText(profiles)) {
+					setDefaultProfiles(commaDelimitedListToStringArray(trimAllWhitespace(profiles)));
+				}
 			}
+			return this.defaultProfiles;
 		}
-		return this.defaultProfiles;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -305,10 +314,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	@Override
 	public void setDefaultProfiles(String... profiles) {
 		Assert.notNull(profiles, "Profile array must not be null");
-		this.defaultProfiles.clear();
-		for (String profile : profiles) {
-			validateProfile(profile);
-			this.defaultProfiles.add(profile);
+		synchronized (this.defaultProfiles) {
+			this.defaultProfiles.clear();
+			for (String profile : profiles) {
+				validateProfile(profile);
+				this.defaultProfiles.add(profile);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -316,7 +327,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	public boolean acceptsProfiles(String... profiles) {
 		Assert.notEmpty(profiles, "Must specify at least one profile");
 		for (String profile : profiles) {
-			if (profile != null && profile.length() > 0 && profile.charAt(0) == '!') {
+			if (StringUtils.hasLength(profile) && profile.charAt(0) == '!') {
 				if (!isProfileActive(profile.substring(1))) {
 					return true;
 				}
@@ -335,8 +346,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	 */
 	protected boolean isProfileActive(String profile) {
 		validateProfile(profile);
-		return doGetActiveProfiles().contains(profile) ||
-				(doGetActiveProfiles().isEmpty() && doGetDefaultProfiles().contains(profile));
+		Set<String> currentActiveProfiles = doGetActiveProfiles();
+		return (currentActiveProfiles.contains(profile) ||
+				(currentActiveProfiles.isEmpty() && doGetDefaultProfiles().contains(profile)));
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -364,7 +376,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
 	public Map<String, Object> getSystemEnvironment() {
 		if (suppressGetenvAccess()) {
 			return Collections.emptyMap();
@@ -408,7 +420,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+	@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
 	public Map<String, Object> getSystemProperties() {
 		try {
 			return (Map) System.getProperties();
@@ -440,13 +452,21 @@ public abstract class AbstractEnvironment implements ConfigurableEnvironment {
 				this.propertySources.addLast(ps);
 			}
 		}
-		for (String profile : parent.getActiveProfiles()) {
-			this.activeProfiles.add(profile);
+		String[] parentActiveProfiles = parent.getActiveProfiles();
+		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parentActiveProfiles)) {
+			synchronized (this.activeProfiles) {
+				for (String profile : parentActiveProfiles) {
+					this.activeProfiles.add(profile);
+				}
+			}
 		}
-		if (parent.getDefaultProfiles().length > 0) {
-			this.defaultProfiles.remove(RESERVED_DEFAULT_PROFILE_NAME);
-			for (String profile : parent.getDefaultProfiles()) {
-				this.defaultProfiles.add(profile);
+		String[] parentDefaultProfiles = parent.getDefaultProfiles();
+		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parentDefaultProfiles)) {
+			synchronized (this.defaultProfiles) {
+				this.defaultProfiles.remove(RESERVED_DEFAULT_PROFILE_NAME);
+				for (String profile : parentDefaultProfiles) {
+					this.defaultProfiles.add(profile);
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}