Check potentially more specific HibernateException cause as well

Closes gh-34633

spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/vendor/HibernateJpaDialect.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -253,14 +253,18 @@ public class HibernateJpaDialect extends DefaultJpaDialect {
 	 * @return the corresponding DataAccessException instance
 	 */
 	protected DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateException ex) {
-		if (this.jdbcExceptionTranslator != null && ex instanceof JDBCException jdbcEx) {
+		return convertHibernateAccessException(ex, ex);
+	}
+
+	private DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateException ex, HibernateException exToCheck) {
+		if (this.jdbcExceptionTranslator != null && exToCheck instanceof JDBCException jdbcEx) {
 			DataAccessException dae = this.jdbcExceptionTranslator.translate(
 					"Hibernate operation: " + jdbcEx.getMessage(), jdbcEx.getSQL(), jdbcEx.getSQLException());
 			if (dae != null) {
 				return dae;
 			}
 		}
-		if (this.transactionExceptionTranslator != null && ex instanceof org.hibernate.TransactionException) {
+		if (this.transactionExceptionTranslator != null && exToCheck instanceof org.hibernate.TransactionException) {
 			if (ex.getCause() instanceof SQLException sqlEx) {
 				DataAccessException dae = this.transactionExceptionTranslator.translate(
 						"Hibernate transaction: " + ex.getMessage(), null, sqlEx);
@@ -270,74 +274,77 @@ public class HibernateJpaDialect extends DefaultJpaDialect {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (ex instanceof JDBCConnectionException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof JDBCConnectionException) {
 			return new DataAccessResourceFailureException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof SQLGrammarException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof SQLGrammarException hibEx) {
 			return new InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException(ex.getMessage() + "; SQL [" + hibEx.getSQL() + "]", ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof QueryTimeoutException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof QueryTimeoutException hibEx) {
 			return new org.springframework.dao.QueryTimeoutException(ex.getMessage() + "; SQL [" + hibEx.getSQL() + "]", ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof LockAcquisitionException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof LockAcquisitionException hibEx) {
 			return new CannotAcquireLockException(ex.getMessage() + "; SQL [" + hibEx.getSQL() + "]", ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof PessimisticLockException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof PessimisticLockException hibEx) {
 			return new PessimisticLockingFailureException(ex.getMessage() + "; SQL [" + hibEx.getSQL() + "]", ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof ConstraintViolationException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof ConstraintViolationException hibEx) {
 			return new DataIntegrityViolationException(ex.getMessage() + "; SQL [" + hibEx.getSQL() +
 					"]; constraint [" + hibEx.getConstraintName() + "]", ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof DataException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof DataException hibEx) {
 			return new DataIntegrityViolationException(ex.getMessage() + "; SQL [" + hibEx.getSQL() + "]", ex);
 		}
 		// end of JDBCException subclass handling
 
-		if (ex instanceof QueryException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof QueryException) {
 			return new InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof NonUniqueResultException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof NonUniqueResultException) {
 			return new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException(ex.getMessage(), 1, ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof NonUniqueObjectException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof NonUniqueObjectException) {
 			return new DuplicateKeyException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof PropertyValueException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof PropertyValueException) {
 			return new DataIntegrityViolationException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof PersistentObjectException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof PersistentObjectException) {
 			return new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof TransientObjectException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof TransientObjectException) {
 			return new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof ObjectDeletedException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof ObjectDeletedException) {
 			return new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof UnresolvableObjectException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof UnresolvableObjectException hibEx) {
 			return new ObjectRetrievalFailureException(hibEx.getEntityName(), getIdentifier(hibEx), ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof WrongClassException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof WrongClassException hibEx) {
 			return new ObjectRetrievalFailureException(hibEx.getEntityName(), getIdentifier(hibEx), ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof StaleObjectStateException hibEx) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof StaleObjectStateException hibEx) {
 			return new ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException(hibEx.getEntityName(), getIdentifier(hibEx), ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof StaleStateException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof StaleStateException) {
 			return new ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof OptimisticEntityLockException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof OptimisticEntityLockException) {
 			return new ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
-		if (ex instanceof PessimisticEntityLockException) {
+		if (exToCheck instanceof PessimisticEntityLockException) {
 			if (ex.getCause() instanceof LockAcquisitionException) {
 				return new CannotAcquireLockException(ex.getMessage(), ex.getCause());
 			}
 			return new PessimisticLockingFailureException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
 		}
 
-		// fallback
+		// Fallback: check potentially more specific cause, otherwise JpaSystemException
+		if (exToCheck.getCause() instanceof HibernateException causeToCheck) {
+			return convertHibernateAccessException(ex, causeToCheck);
+		}
 		return new JpaSystemException(ex);
 	}
 

spring-orm/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/DefaultJpaDialectTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package org.springframework.orm.jpa;
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityTransaction;
 import jakarta.persistence.OptimisticLockException;
+import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceException;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
@@ -33,33 +34,37 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 /**
  * @author Costin Leau
  * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
  */
 class DefaultJpaDialectTests {
 
-	private JpaDialect dialect = new DefaultJpaDialect();
+	private final JpaDialect dialect = new DefaultJpaDialect();
 
-	@Test
-	void testDefaultTransactionDefinition() {
-		DefaultTransactionDefinition definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
-		definition.setIsolationLevel(TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ);
-		assertThatExceptionOfType(TransactionException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				dialect.beginTransaction(null, definition));
-	}
 
 	@Test
 	void testDefaultBeginTransaction() throws Exception {
 		TransactionDefinition definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
 		EntityManager entityManager = mock();
 		EntityTransaction entityTx = mock();
-
 		given(entityManager.getTransaction()).willReturn(entityTx);
 
 		dialect.beginTransaction(entityManager, definition);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void testCustomIsolationLevel() {
+		DefaultTransactionDefinition definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
+		definition.setIsolationLevel(TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ);
+
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(TransactionException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
+				dialect.beginTransaction(null, definition));
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void testTranslateException() {
-		OptimisticLockException ex = new OptimisticLockException();
-		assertThat(dialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(ex).getCause()).isEqualTo(EntityManagerFactoryUtils.convertJpaAccessExceptionIfPossible(ex).getCause());
+		PersistenceException ex = new OptimisticLockException();
+		assertThat(dialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(ex))
+				.isInstanceOf(JpaOptimisticLockingFailureException.class).hasCause(ex);
 	}
+
 }

spring-orm/src/test/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/hibernate/HibernateJpaDialectTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.orm.jpa.hibernate;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.OptimisticLockException;
+import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceException;
+import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
+import org.hibernate.dialect.lock.OptimisticEntityLockException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.orm.ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException;
+import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaDialect;
+import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaOptimisticLockingFailureException;
+import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ */
+class HibernateJpaDialectTests {
+
+	private final JpaDialect dialect = new HibernateJpaDialect();
+
+
+	@Test
+	void testTranslateException() {
+		// Plain JPA exception
+		PersistenceException ex = new OptimisticLockException();
+		assertThat(dialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(ex))
+				.isInstanceOf(JpaOptimisticLockingFailureException.class).hasCause(ex);
+
+		// Hibernate-specific exception
+		ex = new OptimisticEntityLockException("", "");
+		assertThat(dialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(ex))
+				.isInstanceOf(ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException.class).hasCause(ex);
+
+		// Nested Hibernate-specific exception
+		ex = new HibernateException(new OptimisticEntityLockException("", ""));
+		assertThat(dialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(ex))
+				.isInstanceOf(ObjectOptimisticLockingFailureException.class).hasCause(ex);
+	}
+
+}