diff --git a/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator.java b/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator.java
index 18e816f5def..f8d64b94859 100644
--- a/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator.java
+++ b/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ public class SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator extends AbstractFallbackSQLException
 	 * of a generic SQL state value) indicate a duplicate key exception:
 	 * either SQL state 23505 as a specific indication, or the generic SQL state
 	 * 23000 with well-known vendor codes (1 for Oracle, 1062 for MySQL/MariaDB,
-	 * 2627 for MS SQL Server).
+	 * 2601/2627 for MS SQL Server).
 	 * @param sqlState the SQL state value
 	 * @param errorCode the error code value
 	 */
 	static boolean indicatesDuplicateKey(@Nullable String sqlState, int errorCode) {
 		return ("23505".equals(sqlState) ||
 				("23000".equals(sqlState) &&
-						(errorCode == 1 || errorCode == 1062 || errorCode == 2627)));
+						(errorCode == 1 || errorCode == 1062 || errorCode == 2601 || errorCode == 2627)));
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLExceptionSubclassTranslatorTests.java b/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLExceptionSubclassTranslatorTests.java
index 15097444ac0..ce258043113 100644
--- a/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLExceptionSubclassTranslatorTests.java
+++ b/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLExceptionSubclassTranslatorTests.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ public class SQLExceptionSubclassTranslatorTests {
 		doTest(new SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException("", "23505", 0), DuplicateKeyException.class);
 		doTest(new SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException("", "23000", 1), DuplicateKeyException.class);
 		doTest(new SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException("", "23000", 1062), DuplicateKeyException.class);
+		doTest(new SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException("", "23000", 2601), DuplicateKeyException.class);
 		doTest(new SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException("", "23000", 2627), DuplicateKeyException.class);
 		doTest(new SQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException("", "", 0), PermissionDeniedDataAccessException.class);
 		doTest(new SQLNonTransientConnectionException("", "", 0), DataAccessResourceFailureException.class);
diff --git a/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslatorTests.java b/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslatorTests.java
index 1d4c3b24025..f9e0a492f4a 100644
--- a/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslatorTests.java
+++ b/spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslatorTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -72,7 +72,12 @@ public class SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void translateDuplicateKeyMSSQL() {
+	public void translateDuplicateKeyMSSQL1() {
+		doTest("23000", 2601, DuplicateKeyException.class);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void translateDuplicateKeyMSSQL2() {
 		doTest("23000", 2627, DuplicateKeyException.class);
 	}
 
diff --git a/spring-r2dbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtils.java b/spring-r2dbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtils.java
index e34c6db1c00..e7638eda114 100644
--- a/spring-r2dbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtils.java
+++ b/spring-r2dbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtils.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ public abstract class ConnectionFactoryUtils {
 	static boolean indicatesDuplicateKey(@Nullable String sqlState, int errorCode) {
 		return ("23505".equals(sqlState) ||
 				("23000".equals(sqlState) &&
-						(errorCode == 1 || errorCode == 1062 || errorCode == 2627)));
+						(errorCode == 1 || errorCode == 1062 || errorCode == 2601 || errorCode == 2627)));
 	}
 
 	/**
diff --git a/spring-r2dbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtilsUnitTests.java b/spring-r2dbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtilsUnitTests.java
index caa3b6d4e20..3362e0c1fe0 100644
--- a/spring-r2dbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtilsUnitTests.java
+++ b/spring-r2dbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/r2dbc/connection/ConnectionFactoryUtilsUnitTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2019-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2019-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ public class ConnectionFactoryUtilsUnitTests {
 				new R2dbcDataIntegrityViolationException("reason", "23000", 1062));
 		assertThat(exception).isExactlyInstanceOf(DuplicateKeyException.class);
 
+		exception = ConnectionFactoryUtils.convertR2dbcException("", "",
+				new R2dbcDataIntegrityViolationException("reason", "23000", 2601));
+		assertThat(exception).isExactlyInstanceOf(DuplicateKeyException.class);
+
 		exception = ConnectionFactoryUtils.convertR2dbcException("", "",
 				new R2dbcDataIntegrityViolationException("reason", "23000", 2627));
 		assertThat(exception).isExactlyInstanceOf(DuplicateKeyException.class);