Avoid direct URL construction and URL equality checks

Closes gh-29486

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/ResourceEntityResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package org.springframework.beans.factory.xml;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URL;
 import java.net.URLDecoder;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
 import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import org.springframework.util.ResourceUtils;
 
 /**
  * {@code EntityResolver} implementation that tries to resolve entity references
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public class ResourceEntityResolver extends DelegatingEntityResolver {
 			String resourcePath = null;
 			try {
 				String decodedSystemId = URLDecoder.decode(systemId, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-				String givenUrl = new URL(decodedSystemId).toString();
+				String givenUrl = ResourceUtils.toURL(decodedSystemId).toString();
 				String systemRootUrl = new File("").toURI().toURL().toString();
 				// Try relative to resource base if currently in system root.
 				if (givenUrl.startsWith(systemRootUrl)) {
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class ResourceEntityResolver extends DelegatingEntityResolver {
 					url = "https:" + url.substring(5);
 				}
 				try {
-					source = new InputSource(new URL(url).openStream());
+					source = new InputSource(ResourceUtils.toURL(url).openStream());
 					source.setPublicId(publicId);
 					source.setSystemId(systemId);
 				}

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/propertyeditors/PathEditor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public class PathEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport {
 		boolean nioPathCandidate = !text.startsWith(ResourceUtils.CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX);
 		if (nioPathCandidate && !text.startsWith("/")) {
 			try {
-				URI uri = new URI(text);
+				URI uri = ResourceUtils.toURI(text);
 				if (uri.getScheme() != null) {
 					nioPathCandidate = false;
 					// Let's try NIO file system providers via Paths.get(URI)

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/DefaultResourceLoader.java

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ public class DefaultResourceLoader implements ResourceLoader {
 		else {
 			try {
 				// Try to parse the location as a URL...
-				URL url = new URL(location);
+				URL url = ResourceUtils.toURL(location);
 				return (ResourceUtils.isFileURL(url) ? new FileUrlResource(url) : new UrlResource(url));
 			}
 			catch (MalformedURLException ex) {

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/UrlResource.java

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
+import org.springframework.util.ResourceUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
 /**
@@ -57,10 +58,10 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	private final URL url;
 
 	/**
-	 * Cleaned URL (with normalized path), used for comparisons.
+	 * Cleaned URL String (with normalized path), used for comparisons.
 	 */
 	@Nullable
-	private volatile URL cleanedUrl;
+	private volatile String cleanedUrl;
 
 
 	/**
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	public UrlResource(String path) throws MalformedURLException {
 		Assert.notNull(path, "Path must not be null");
 		this.uri = null;
-		this.url = new URL(path);
-		this.cleanedUrl = getCleanedUrl(this.url, path);
+		this.url = ResourceUtils.toURL(path);
+		this.cleanedUrl = StringUtils.cleanPath(path);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	 * Create a new {@code UrlResource} from the given {@link URI}.
 	 * <p>This factory method is a convenience for {@link #UrlResource(URI)} that
 	 * catches any {@link MalformedURLException} and rethrows it wrapped in an
-	 * {@link UncheckedIOException}; suitable for use in {@link java.util.Stream}
+	 * {@link UncheckedIOException}; suitable for use in {@link java.util.stream.Stream}
 	 * and {@link java.util.Optional} APIs or other scenarios when a checked
 	 * {@link IOException} is undesirable.
 	 * @param uri a URI
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	 * Create a new {@code UrlResource} from the given URL path.
 	 * <p>This factory method is a convenience for {@link #UrlResource(String)}
 	 * that catches any {@link MalformedURLException} and rethrows it wrapped in an
-	 * {@link UncheckedIOException}; suitable for use in {@link java.util.Stream}
+	 * {@link UncheckedIOException}; suitable for use in {@link java.util.stream.Stream}
 	 * and {@link java.util.Optional} APIs or other scenarios when a checked
 	 * {@link IOException} is undesirable.
 	 * @param path a URL path
@@ -183,36 +184,16 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	}
 
 
-	/**
-	 * Determine a cleaned URL for the given original URL.
-	 * @param originalUrl the original URL
-	 * @param originalPath the original URL path
-	 * @return the cleaned URL (possibly the original URL as-is)
-	 * @see org.springframework.util.StringUtils#cleanPath
-	 */
-	private static URL getCleanedUrl(URL originalUrl, String originalPath) {
-		String cleanedPath = StringUtils.cleanPath(originalPath);
-		if (!cleanedPath.equals(originalPath)) {
-			try {
-				return new URL(cleanedPath);
-			}
-			catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
-				// Cleaned URL path cannot be converted to URL -> take original URL.
-			}
-		}
-		return originalUrl;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Lazily determine a cleaned URL for the given original URL.
-	 * @see #getCleanedUrl(URL, String)
 	 */
-	private URL getCleanedUrl() {
-		URL cleanedUrl = this.cleanedUrl;
+	private String getCleanedUrl() {
+		String cleanedUrl = this.cleanedUrl;
 		if (cleanedUrl != null) {
 			return cleanedUrl;
 		}
-		cleanedUrl = getCleanedUrl(this.url, (this.uri != null ? this.uri : this.url).toString());
+		String originalPath = (this.uri != null ? this.uri : this.url).toString();
+		cleanedUrl = StringUtils.cleanPath(originalPath);
 		this.cleanedUrl = cleanedUrl;
 		return cleanedUrl;
 	}
@@ -305,16 +286,13 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	 * A leading slash will get dropped; a "#" symbol will get encoded.
 	 * @since 5.2
 	 * @see #createRelative(String)
-	 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, String)
+	 * @see ResourceUtils#toRelativeURL(URL, String)
 	 */
 	protected URL createRelativeURL(String relativePath) throws MalformedURLException {
 		if (relativePath.startsWith("/")) {
 			relativePath = relativePath.substring(1);
 		}
-		// # can appear in filenames, java.net.URL should not treat it as a fragment
-		relativePath = StringUtils.replace(relativePath, "#", "%23");
-		// Use the URL constructor for applying the relative path as a URL spec
-		return new URL(this.url, relativePath);
+		return ResourceUtils.toRelativeURL(this.url, relativePath);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -324,9 +302,10 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	 * @see java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, java.nio.charset.Charset)
 	 */
 	@Override
+	@Nullable
 	public String getFilename() {
-		String filename = StringUtils.getFilename(getCleanedUrl().getPath());
-		return URLDecoder.decode(filename, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+		String filename = StringUtils.getFilename(this.uri != null ? this.uri.getPath() : this.url.getPath());
+		return (filename != null ? URLDecoder.decode(filename, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) : null);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -334,7 +313,7 @@ public class UrlResource extends AbstractFileResolvingResource {
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public String getDescription() {
-		return "URL [" + this.url + "]";
+		return "URL [" + (this.uri != null ? this.uri : this.url) + "]";
 	}
 
 

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/VfsResource.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import java.net.URL;
 
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
+import org.springframework.util.ResourceUtils;
 
 /**
  * JBoss VFS based {@link Resource} implementation.
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ public class VfsResource extends AbstractResource {
 			}
 		}
 
-		return new VfsResource(VfsUtils.getRelative(new URL(getURL(), relativePath)));
+		return new VfsResource(VfsUtils.getRelative(ResourceUtils.toRelativeURL(getURL(), relativePath)));
 	}
 
 	@Override

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/ResourceUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 			return true;
 		}
 		try {
-			new URL(resourceLocation);
+			toURL(resourceLocation);
 			return true;
 		}
 		catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 		}
 		try {
 			// try URL
-			return new URL(resourceLocation);
+			return toURL(resourceLocation);
 		}
 		catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
 			// no URL -> treat as file path
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 		}
 		try {
 			// try URL
-			return getFile(new URL(resourceLocation));
+			return getFile(toURL(resourceLocation));
 		}
 		catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
 			// no URL -> treat as file path
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 		if (separatorIndex != -1) {
 			String jarFile = urlFile.substring(0, separatorIndex);
 			try {
-				return new URL(jarFile);
+				return toURL(jarFile);
 			}
 			catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
 				// Probably no protocol in original jar URL, like "jar:C:/mypath/myjar.jar".
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 				if (!jarFile.startsWith("/")) {
 					jarFile = "/" + jarFile;
 				}
-				return new URL(FILE_URL_PREFIX + jarFile);
+				return toURL(FILE_URL_PREFIX + jarFile);
 			}
 		}
 		else {
@@ -346,11 +346,11 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 			// Tomcat's "war:file:...mywar.war*/WEB-INF/lib/myjar.jar!/myentry.txt"
 			String warFile = urlFile.substring(0, endIndex);
 			if (URL_PROTOCOL_WAR.equals(jarUrl.getProtocol())) {
-				return new URL(warFile);
+				return toURL(warFile);
 			}
 			int startIndex = warFile.indexOf(WAR_URL_PREFIX);
 			if (startIndex != -1) {
-				return new URL(warFile.substring(startIndex + WAR_URL_PREFIX.length()));
+				return toURL(warFile.substring(startIndex + WAR_URL_PREFIX.length()));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -381,6 +381,53 @@ public abstract class ResourceUtils {
 		return new URI(StringUtils.replace(location, " ", "%20"));
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create a URL instance for the given location String,
+	 * going through URI construction and then URL conversion.
+	 * @param location the location String to convert into a URL instance
+	 * @return the URL instance
+	 * @throws MalformedURLException if the location wasn't a valid URL
+	 * @since 6.0
+	 */
+	public static URL toURL(String location) throws MalformedURLException {
+		// Not fully equivalent - but to be moved in the given direction
+		// since JDK 20 deprecates all direct java.net.URL constructors.
+		/*
+		try {
+			return toURI(location).toURL();
+		}
+		catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
+			MalformedURLException exToThrow = new MalformedURLException(ex.getMessage());
+			exToThrow.initCause(ex);
+			throw exToThrow;
+		}
+		*/
+
+		return new URL(location);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a URL instance for the given root URL and relative path,
+	 * going through URI construction and then URL conversion.
+	 * @param root the root URL to start from
+	 * @param relativePath the relative path to apply
+	 * @return the relative URL instance
+	 * @throws MalformedURLException if the end result is not a valid URL
+	 * @since 6.0
+	 */
+	public static URL toRelativeURL(URL root, String relativePath) throws MalformedURLException {
+		// # can appear in filenames, java.net.URL should not treat it as a fragment
+		relativePath = StringUtils.replace(relativePath, "#", "%23");
+
+		// Not fully equivalent - but to be moved in the given direction
+		// since JDK 20 deprecates all direct java.net.URL constructors.
+		/*
+		return toURL(StringUtils.applyRelativePath(root.toString(), relativePath));
+		*/
+
+		return new URL(root, relativePath);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Set the {@link URLConnection#setUseCaches "useCaches"} flag on the
 	 * given connection, preferring {@code false} but leaving the

spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/persistenceunit/PersistenceUnitReader.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ final class PersistenceUnitReader {
 					// relative to the persistence unit root, according to the JPA spec
 					URL rootUrl = unitInfo.getPersistenceUnitRootUrl();
 					if (rootUrl != null) {
-						unitInfo.addJarFileUrl(new URL(rootUrl, value));
+						unitInfo.addJarFileUrl(ResourceUtils.toRelativeURL(rootUrl, value));
 					}
 					else {
 						logger.warn("Cannot resolve jar-file entry [" + value + "] in persistence unit '" +
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ final class PersistenceUnitReader {
 		if (persistenceUnitRoot.endsWith("/")) {
 			persistenceUnitRoot = persistenceUnitRoot.substring(0, persistenceUnitRoot.length() - 1);
 		}
-		return new URL(persistenceUnitRoot);
+		return ResourceUtils.toURL(persistenceUnitRoot);
 	}
 
 }

spring-oxm/src/main/java/org/springframework/oxm/jaxb/Jaxb2Marshaller.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2021 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
+import org.springframework.util.ResourceUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.xml.StaxUtils;
 
@@ -985,7 +986,7 @@ public class Jaxb2Marshaller implements MimeMarshaller, MimeUnmarshaller, Generi
 
 		private String getHost(String elementNamespace, DataHandler dataHandler) {
 			try {
-				URI uri = new URI(elementNamespace);
+				URI uri = ResourceUtils.toURI(elementNamespace);
 				return uri.getHost();
 			}
 			catch (URISyntaxException ex) {