diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/codec/AbstractCharSequenceDecoder.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/codec/AbstractCharSequenceDecoder.java
index 129da247b03..1918d7182db 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/codec/AbstractCharSequenceDecoder.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/codec/AbstractCharSequenceDecoder.java
@@ -175,14 +175,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractCharSequenceDecoder<T extends CharSequence> extend
 	public final T decode(DataBuffer dataBuffer, ResolvableType elementType,
 			@Nullable MimeType mimeType, @Nullable Map<String, Object> hints) {
 
-		Charset charset = getCharset(mimeType);
-		T value = decodeInternal(dataBuffer, charset);
-		DataBufferUtils.release(dataBuffer);
-		LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
-			String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(value, !traceOn);
-			return Hints.getLogPrefix(hints) + "Decoded " + formatted;
-		});
-		return value;
+		try {
+			Charset charset = getCharset(mimeType);
+			T value = decodeInternal(dataBuffer, charset);
+			LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
+				String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(value, !traceOn);
+				return Hints.getLogPrefix(hints) + "Decoded " + formatted;
+			});
+			return value;
+		}
+		finally {
+			DataBufferUtils.release(dataBuffer);
+		}
 	}
 
 	private Charset getCharset(@Nullable MimeType mimeType) {
diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/DataBufferLimitException.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/DataBufferLimitException.java
index eaeac1b9410..93e403277e2 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/DataBufferLimitException.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/DataBufferLimitException.java
@@ -31,8 +31,19 @@ package org.springframework.core.io.buffer;
 public class DataBufferLimitException extends IllegalStateException {
 
 
+	/**
+	 * Create an instance with the given message.
+	 */
 	public DataBufferLimitException(String message) {
 		super(message);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create an instance with a message and a cause, e.g. {@link OutOfMemoryError}.
+	 * @since 6.2.12
+	 */
+	public DataBufferLimitException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+		super(message, cause);
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/NettyDataBuffer.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/NettyDataBuffer.java
index 5936eaf8706..8ae4efb38db 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/NettyDataBuffer.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/buffer/NettyDataBuffer.java
@@ -379,7 +379,13 @@ public class NettyDataBuffer implements PooledDataBuffer {
 
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
-		return this.byteBuf.toString();
+		try {
+			return this.byteBuf.toString();
+		}
+		catch (OutOfMemoryError ex) {
+			throw new DataBufferLimitException(
+					"Failed to convert data buffer to string: " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
+		}
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/DefaultWebTestClientBuilder.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/DefaultWebTestClientBuilder.java
index 719012d8f4d..3b337046129 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/DefaultWebTestClientBuilder.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/DefaultWebTestClientBuilder.java
@@ -67,7 +67,9 @@ class DefaultWebTestClientBuilder implements WebTestClient.Builder {
 	static {
 		ClassLoader loader = DefaultWebTestClientBuilder.class.getClassLoader();
 		REACTOR_NETTY_CLIENT_PRESENT = ClassUtils.isPresent("reactor.netty.http.client.HttpClient", loader);
-		JETTY_CLIENT_PRESENT = ClassUtils.isPresent("org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient", loader);
+		JETTY_CLIENT_PRESENT =
+				ClassUtils.isPresent("org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient", loader) &&
+						ClassUtils.isPresent("org.eclipse.jetty.reactive.client.ReactiveRequest", loader);
 		HTTP_COMPONENTS_CLIENT_PRESENT =
 				ClassUtils.isPresent("org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.async.CloseableHttpAsyncClient", loader) &&
 						ClassUtils.isPresent("org.apache.hc.core5.reactive.ReactiveDataConsumer", loader);
diff --git a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/client/DefaultWebClientBuilder.java b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/client/DefaultWebClientBuilder.java
index bbab8fea18d..6835ebba144 100644
--- a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/client/DefaultWebClientBuilder.java
+++ b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/function/client/DefaultWebClientBuilder.java
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ final class DefaultWebClientBuilder implements WebClient.Builder {
 	static {
 		ClassLoader loader = DefaultWebClientBuilder.class.getClassLoader();
 		REACTOR_NETTY_CLIENT_PRESENT = ClassUtils.isPresent("reactor.netty.http.client.HttpClient", loader);
-		JETTY_CLIENT_PRESENT = ClassUtils.isPresent("org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient", loader);
+		JETTY_CLIENT_PRESENT =
+				ClassUtils.isPresent("org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient", loader) &&
+						ClassUtils.isPresent("org.eclipse.jetty.reactive.client.ReactiveRequest", loader);
 		HTTP_COMPONENTS_CLIENT_PRESENT =
 				ClassUtils.isPresent("org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.async.CloseableHttpAsyncClient", loader) &&
 						ClassUtils.isPresent("org.apache.hc.core5.reactive.ReactiveDataConsumer", loader);