diff --git a/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/spring-projects-in.adoc b/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/spring-projects-in.adoc
index 6efa48274a4..300c0089c89 100644
--- a/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/spring-projects-in.adoc
+++ b/framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/spring-projects-in.adoc
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class SampleConfiguration {
 	@Bean
 	@NotNull
 	public SampleBean sampleBean$demo_kotlin_internal_test() {
-        return new SampleBean();
+		return new SampleBean();
 	}
 }
 ----
diff --git a/spring-context/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/context/event/KotlinApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests.kt b/spring-context/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/context/event/KotlinApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests.kt
index 6141b354d51..4ac69bb0158 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/context/event/KotlinApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests.kt
+++ b/spring-context/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/context/event/KotlinApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ class KotlinApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests {
 	private class StaticApplicationListenerMethodAdapter(method: Method, private val targetBean: Any) :
 		ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter("unused", targetBean.javaClass, method) {
 			public override fun getTargetBean(): Any {
-			return targetBean
+				return targetBean
+			}
 		}
-	}
 
 	@Suppress("RedundantSuspendModifier", "UNUSED_PARAMETER")
 	private class SampleEvents {
diff --git a/spring-core-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/agent/InstrumentedMethodTests.java b/spring-core-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/agent/InstrumentedMethodTests.java
index 733c368c699..48a9b68652e 100644
--- a/spring-core-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/agent/InstrumentedMethodTests.java
+++ b/spring-core-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/agent/InstrumentedMethodTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetConstructorShouldMatchInstrospectPublicConstructorsHint() {
+		void classGetConstructorShouldMatchIntrospectPublicConstructorsHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_CONSTRUCTORS);
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetConstructor);
 		}
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetConstructorShouldMatchInstrospectConstructorHint() {
+		void classGetConstructorShouldMatchIntrospectConstructorHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class,typeHint ->
 					typeHint.withConstructor(Collections.emptyList(), ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetConstructor);
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetDeclaredConstructorShouldMatchInstrospectConstructorHint() {
+		void classGetDeclaredConstructorShouldMatchIntrospectConstructorHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, typeHint ->
 					typeHint.withConstructor(TypeReference.listOf(byte[].class, byte.class), ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT));
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETDECLAREDCONSTRUCTOR, this.stringGetDeclaredConstructor);
@@ -354,13 +354,13 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetMethodsShouldMatchInstrospectDeclaredMethodsHint() {
+		void classGetMethodsShouldMatchIntrospectDeclaredMethodsHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_DECLARED_METHODS);
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHODS, this.stringGetMethods);
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetMethodsShouldMatchInstrospectPublicMethodsHint() {
+		void classGetMethodsShouldMatchIntrospectPublicMethodsHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_METHODS);
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHODS, this.stringGetMethods);
 		}
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetMethodShouldMatchInstrospectPublicMethodsHint() {
+		void classGetMethodShouldMatchIntrospectPublicMethodsHint() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_METHODS);
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHOD, this.stringGetToStringMethod);
 		}
@@ -434,13 +434,13 @@ class InstrumentedMethodTests {
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetMethodShouldNotMatchInstrospectPublicMethodsHintWhenPrivate() {
+		void classGetMethodShouldNotMatchIntrospectPublicMethodsHintWhenPrivate() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_METHODS);
 			assertThatInvocationDoesNotMatch(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHOD, this.stringGetScaleMethod);
 		}
 
 		@Test
-		void classGetMethodShouldMatchInstrospectDeclaredMethodsHintWhenPrivate() {
+		void classGetMethodShouldMatchIntrospectDeclaredMethodsHintWhenPrivate() {
 			hints.reflection().registerType(String.class, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_DECLARED_METHODS);
 			assertThatInvocationMatches(InstrumentedMethod.CLASS_GETMETHOD, this.stringGetScaleMethod);
 		}
diff --git a/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/metadata/TableMetaDataContext.java b/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/metadata/TableMetaDataContext.java
index 9ae79a43493..bf69f2f7c4a 100644
--- a/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/metadata/TableMetaDataContext.java
+++ b/spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/metadata/TableMetaDataContext.java
@@ -432,12 +432,12 @@ public class TableMetaDataContext {
 
 		private final boolean quoting;
 
-		public QuoteHandler(@Nullable String identifierQuoteString) {
+		QuoteHandler(@Nullable String identifierQuoteString) {
 			this.identifierQuoteString = identifierQuoteString;
 			this.quoting = StringUtils.hasText(identifierQuoteString);
 		}
 
-		public void appendTo(StringBuilder stringBuilder, @Nullable String item) {
+		void appendTo(StringBuilder stringBuilder, @Nullable String item) {
 			if (this.quoting) {
 				stringBuilder.append(this.identifierQuoteString)
 						.append(item).append(this.identifierQuoteString);
diff --git a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PathPattern.java b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PathPattern.java
index 3067bcefa69..c87a538cbeb 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PathPattern.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/util/pattern/PathPattern.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  * <li>{@code **} matches zero or more <em>path segments</em> until the end of the path</li>
  * <li><code>{spring}</code> matches a <em>path segment</em> and captures it as a variable named "spring"</li>
  * <li><code>{spring:[a-z]+}</code> matches the regexp {@code [a-z]+} against a path segment
- * and captures it a path variable named "spring"</li>
+ * and captures it as a path variable named "spring"</li>
  * <li><code>{*spring}</code> matches zero or more <em>path segments</em> until the end of the path
  * and captures it as a variable named "spring"</li>
  * </ul>
diff --git a/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplateObservationTests.java b/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplateObservationTests.java
index 47664f88091..042477227f4 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplateObservationTests.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/test/java/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplateObservationTests.java
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class RestTemplateObservationTests {
 		@Nullable
 		Observation currentObservation;
 
-		public ObservationErrorHandler(TestObservationRegistry observationRegistry) {
+		ObservationErrorHandler(TestObservationRegistry observationRegistry) {
 			this.observationRegistry = observationRegistry;
 		}
 
diff --git a/spring-webmvc/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/RouterFunctionDslTests.kt b/spring-webmvc/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/RouterFunctionDslTests.kt
index 909d3e38bf3..960dde0f467 100644
--- a/spring-webmvc/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/RouterFunctionDslTests.kt
+++ b/spring-webmvc/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/web/servlet/function/RouterFunctionDslTests.kt
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class RouterFunctionDslTests {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "", true)
 		servletRequest.addHeader("bar", "bar")
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class RouterFunctionDslTests {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "/content", true)
 		servletRequest.addHeader(ACCEPT, APPLICATION_ATOM_XML_VALUE)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class RouterFunctionDslTests {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("POST", "/api/foo/", true)
 		servletRequest.addHeader(ACCEPT, APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class RouterFunctionDslTests {
 		servletRequest.addHeader(ACCEPT, APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
 		servletRequest.addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -71,49 +71,49 @@ class RouterFunctionDslTests {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "/content", true)
 		servletRequest.addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM_VALUE)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	fun method() {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("PATCH", "/", true)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	fun path() {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "/baz", true)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	fun pathExtension() {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "/test.properties", true)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	fun resource() {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET","/response2.txt", true)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	fun resources() {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "/resources/response.txt", true)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	fun resourcesLookupFunction() {
 		val servletRequest = PathPatternsTestUtils.initRequest("GET", "/response.txt", true)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isTrue()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class RouterFunctionDslTests {
 		servletRequest.addHeader(ACCEPT, APPLICATION_PDF_VALUE)
 		servletRequest.addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_PDF_VALUE)
 		val request = DefaultServerRequest(servletRequest, emptyList())
-		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request).isPresent).isFalse()
+		assertThat(sampleRouter().route(request)).isNotPresent()
 	}
 
 	@Test