diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.java
index f3131669a75..5e741cec4a9 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.java
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ public class SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionListen
 	 * Detect a default SQL script by implementing the algorithm defined in
 	 * {@link Sql#scripts}.
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	private String detectDefaultScript(Class<?> testClass, @Nullable Method testMethod, boolean classLevel) {
 		Assert.state(classLevel || testMethod != null, "Method-level @Sql requires a testMethod");
 
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/junit/jupiter/SpringExtension.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/junit/jupiter/SpringExtension.java
index af497e57ec7..7810d5616d2 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/junit/jupiter/SpringExtension.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/junit/jupiter/SpringExtension.java
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ public class SpringExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, AfterAllCallback, Tes
 	 * the supplied {@link TestContextManager}.
 	 * @since 6.1
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExecutableInvoker is not null marked
 	private static void registerMethodInvoker(TestContextManager testContextManager, ExtensionContext context) {
 		testContextManager.getTestContext().setMethodInvoker(context.getExecutableInvoker()::invoke);
 	}
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.java
index 11335315938..24407401e20 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener extends Abstra
 	 * @since 4.2
 	 * @see #dirtyContext
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	protected void beforeOrAfterTestMethod(TestContext testContext, MethodMode requiredMethodMode,
 			ClassMode requiredClassMode) throws Exception {
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener extends Abstra
 	 * @since 4.2
 	 * @see #dirtyContext
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	protected void beforeOrAfterTestClass(TestContext testContext, ClassMode requiredClassMode) throws Exception {
 		Assert.notNull(testContext, "TestContext must not be null");
 		Assert.notNull(requiredClassMode, "requiredClassMode must not be null");
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/ContextLoaderUtils.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/ContextLoaderUtils.java
index d768a8cfaf2..9988a98eaed 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/ContextLoaderUtils.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/ContextLoaderUtils.java
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ abstract class ContextLoaderUtils {
 	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the supplied class is {@code null} or if
 	 * {@code @ContextConfiguration} is not <em>present</em> on the supplied class
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	static List<ContextConfigurationAttributes> resolveContextConfigurationAttributes(Class<?> testClass) {
 		Assert.notNull(testClass, "Class must not be null");
 
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/TestPropertySourceUtils.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/TestPropertySourceUtils.java
index b8f03691386..bd1dbc96745 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/TestPropertySourceUtils.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/TestPropertySourceUtils.java
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public abstract class TestPropertySourceUtils {
 		return mergedAttributes;
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	private static boolean duplicationDetected(TestPropertySourceAttributes currentAttributes,
 			@Nullable TestPropertySourceAttributes previousAttributes) {
 
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/transaction/TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/transaction/TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java
index c19eb72f667..26ca58dcc3b 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/transaction/TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/transaction/TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public class TransactionalTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionLis
 	 * @see #getTransactionManager(TestContext, String)
 	 */
 	@Override
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public void beforeTestMethod(final TestContext testContext) throws Exception {
 		Method testMethod = testContext.getTestMethod();
 		Class<?> testClass = testContext.getTestClass();
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/http/MediaTypeAssert.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/http/MediaTypeAssert.java
index 277419daf7e..08f7c097290 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/http/MediaTypeAssert.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/http/MediaTypeAssert.java
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ public class MediaTypeAssert extends AbstractObjectAssert<MediaTypeAssert, Media
 	}
 
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
 	private MediaType parseMediaType(String value) {
 		try {
 			return MediaType.parseMediaType(value);
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/json/AbstractJsonContentAssert.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/json/AbstractJsonContentAssert.java
index 78797c43e86..0d776b7bdf3 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/json/AbstractJsonContentAssert.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/json/AbstractJsonContentAssert.java
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractJsonContentAssert<SELF extends AbstractJsonContent
 		return (this.actual != null ? this.actual.getJson() : null);
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	private String toNonNullJsonString() {
 		String jsonString = toJsonString();
 		Assertions.assertThat(jsonString).as("JSON content").isNotNull();
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/util/ReflectionTestUtils.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/util/ReflectionTestUtils.java
index a924a62c4b5..f87ca385b6e 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/util/ReflectionTestUtils.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/util/ReflectionTestUtils.java
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public abstract class ReflectionTestUtils {
 	 * @see ReflectionUtils#setField(Field, Object, Object)
 	 * @see AopTestUtils#getUltimateTargetObject(Object)
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public static void setField(@Nullable Object targetObject, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass,
 			@Nullable String name, @Nullable Object value, @Nullable Class<?> type) {
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ public abstract class ReflectionTestUtils {
 	 * @see ReflectionUtils#getField(Field, Object)
 	 * @see AopTestUtils#getUltimateTargetObject(Object)
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public static @Nullable Object getField(@Nullable Object targetObject, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass, String name) {
 		Assert.isTrue(targetObject != null || targetClass != null,
 			"Either targetObject or targetClass for the field must be specified");
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/ModelAndViewAssert.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/ModelAndViewAssert.java
index 0d87fdfe257..5e553b6f026 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/ModelAndViewAssert.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/ModelAndViewAssert.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public abstract class ModelAndViewAssert {
 	 * @param mav the ModelAndView to test against (never {@code null})
 	 * @param expectedModel the expected model
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public static void assertModelAttributeValues(ModelAndView mav, Map<String, Object> expectedModel) {
 		Map<String, Object> model = mav.getModel();
 
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/UriAssert.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/UriAssert.java
index 03e63dedfa3..1373fc3c9b9 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/UriAssert.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/UriAssert.java
@@ -80,22 +80,32 @@ public class UriAssert extends AbstractStringAssert<UriAssert> {
 		return this;
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+
 	private String buildUri(String uriTemplate, Object... uriVars) {
 		try {
 			return UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString(uriTemplate)
 					.buildAndExpand(uriVars).encode().toUriString();
 		}
 		catch (Exception ex) {
+			String message = ex.getMessage();
 			throw Failures.instance().failure(this.info,
-					new ShouldBeValidUriTemplate(uriTemplate, ex.getMessage()));
+					message == null ?
+							new ShouldBeValidUriTemplate(uriTemplate) :
+							new ShouldBeValidUriTemplateWithMessage(uriTemplate, message));
 		}
 	}
 
 
 	private static final class ShouldBeValidUriTemplate extends BasicErrorMessageFactory {
 
-		private ShouldBeValidUriTemplate(String uriTemplate, String errorMessage) {
+		private ShouldBeValidUriTemplate(String uriTemplate) {
+			super("%nExpecting:%n  %s%nTo be a valid URI template%n", uriTemplate);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static final class ShouldBeValidUriTemplateWithMessage extends BasicErrorMessageFactory {
+
+		private ShouldBeValidUriTemplateWithMessage(String uriTemplate, String errorMessage) {
 			super("%nExpecting:%n  %s%nTo be a valid URI template but got:%n  %s%n", uriTemplate, errorMessage);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/client/match/MockRestRequestMatchers.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/client/match/MockRestRequestMatchers.java
index e68e169aa7a..a7397f039aa 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/client/match/MockRestRequestMatchers.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/client/match/MockRestRequestMatchers.java
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public abstract class MockRestRequestMatchers {
 	 * @see #queryParam(String, String...)
 	 */
 	@SafeVarargs
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public static RequestMatcher queryParam(String name, Matcher<? super String>... matchers) {
 		return request -> {
 			MultiValueMap<String, String> params = getQueryParams(request);
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ public abstract class MockRestRequestMatchers {
 	 * @see #queryParamList(String, Matcher)
 	 * @see #queryParam(String, Matcher...)
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public static RequestMatcher queryParam(String name, String... expectedValues) {
 		return request -> {
 			MultiValueMap<String, String> params = getQueryParams(request);
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/WiretapConnector.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/WiretapConnector.java
index 4c13e93e773..20460df9d56 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/WiretapConnector.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/reactive/server/WiretapConnector.java
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class WiretapConnector implements ClientHttpConnector {
 
 
 	@Override
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	public Mono<ClientHttpResponse> connect(HttpMethod method, URI uri,
 			Function<? super ClientHttpRequest, Mono<Void>> requestCallback) {
 
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class WiretapConnector implements ClientHttpConnector {
 			return this.publisherNested;
 		}
 
-		@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+		@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 		public Mono<byte[]> getContent() {
 			return Mono.defer(() -> {
 				if (this.content.scan(Scannable.Attr.TERMINATED) == Boolean.TRUE) {
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/DefaultMvcResult.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/DefaultMvcResult.java
index 82a5aa8e019..937b2e203bc 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/DefaultMvcResult.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/DefaultMvcResult.java
@@ -124,13 +124,12 @@ class DefaultMvcResult implements MvcResult {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Object getAsyncResult() {
+	public @Nullable Object getAsyncResult() {
 		return getAsyncResult(-1);
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
-	public Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait) {
+	public @Nullable Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait) {
 		if (this.mockRequest.getAsyncContext() != null && timeToWait == -1) {
 			long requestTimeout = this.mockRequest.getAsyncContext().getTimeout();
 			timeToWait = requestTimeout == -1 ? Long.MAX_VALUE : requestTimeout;
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/MvcResult.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/MvcResult.java
index 9688bcd3213..00cdea90884 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/MvcResult.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/MvcResult.java
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public interface MvcResult {
 	 * {@link #getAsyncResult(long)} to specify the amount of time to wait.
 	 * @throws IllegalStateException if the async result was not set
 	 */
-	Object getAsyncResult();
+	@Nullable Object getAsyncResult();
 
 	/**
 	 * Get the result of async execution and wait if necessary.
@@ -96,6 +96,6 @@ public interface MvcResult {
 	 * 	MockAsyncContext#setTimeout} for more details.
 	 * @throws IllegalStateException if the async result was not set
 	 */
-	Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait);
+	@Nullable Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait);
 
 }
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/assertj/MvcTestResultAssert.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/assertj/MvcTestResultAssert.java
index 46c50fd4d70..18bf3a9aff8 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/assertj/MvcTestResultAssert.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/assertj/MvcTestResultAssert.java
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public class MvcTestResultAssert extends AbstractMockHttpServletResponseAssert<M
 		return this.actual.getMvcResult().getResolvedException();
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // Dataflow analysis limitation
 	private ModelAndView getModelAndView() {
 		ModelAndView modelAndView = getMvcResult().getModelAndView();
 		Assertions.assertThat(modelAndView).as("ModelAndView").isNotNull();
diff --git a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/client/MockMvcHttpConnector.java b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/client/MockMvcHttpConnector.java
index 070e0c314ea..eaf9dea7a89 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/client/MockMvcHttpConnector.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/client/MockMvcHttpConnector.java
@@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ public class MockMvcHttpConnector implements ClientHttpConnector {
 		}
 
 		@Override
-		public Object getAsyncResult() {
+		public @Nullable Object getAsyncResult() {
 			return this.mvcResult.getAsyncResult();
 		}
 
 		@Override
-		public Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait) {
+		public @Nullable Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait) {
 			return this.mvcResult.getAsyncResult(timeToWait);
 		}
 
diff --git a/spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/StubMvcResult.java b/spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/StubMvcResult.java
index f5c3bba6d6a..c4e3ea85c06 100644
--- a/spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/StubMvcResult.java
+++ b/spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/web/servlet/StubMvcResult.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.web.servlet;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
+
 import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
 import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMap;
@@ -127,12 +129,12 @@ public class StubMvcResult implements MvcResult {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Object getAsyncResult() {
+	public @Nullable Object getAsyncResult() {
 		return null;
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait) {
+	public @Nullable Object getAsyncResult(long timeToWait) {
 		return null;
 	}
 
diff --git a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/http/InvalidMediaTypeException.java b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/http/InvalidMediaTypeException.java
index f1be0ee6d72..a3600356c05 100644
--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/http/InvalidMediaTypeException.java
+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/http/InvalidMediaTypeException.java
@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@ public class InvalidMediaTypeException extends IllegalArgumentException {
 		this.mediaType = ex.getMimeType();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns the detail message string of this exception instance (never {@code null}).
+	 */
+	@Override
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // InvalidMediaTypeException message is never null
+	public String getMessage() {
+		return super.getMessage();
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Return the offending media type.