diff --git a/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java b/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java
index 7e97b686254..0331b145c10 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java
+++ b/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ public class ApplicationContextAotGenerator {
 			GenerationContext generationContext) {
 		return withCglibClassHandler(new CglibClassHandler(generationContext), () -> {
 			applicationContext.refreshForAotProcessing(generationContext.getRuntimeHints());
-			DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = applicationContext.getDefaultListableBeanFactory();
 			ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator codeGenerator =
-					new ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator(generationContext);
+					new ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator(applicationContext, generationContext);
+			DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = applicationContext.getDefaultListableBeanFactory();
 			new BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions(beanFactory).applyTo(generationContext, codeGenerator);
 			return codeGenerator.getGeneratedClass().getName();
 		});
diff --git a/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator.java b/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator.java
index 3a7253b0440..5305508b9da 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package org.springframework.context.aot;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
  * Internal code generator to create the {@link ApplicationContextInitializer}.
  *
  * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @author Stephane Nicoll
  * @since 6.0
  */
 class ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator implements BeanFactoryInitializationCode {
@@ -57,12 +59,15 @@ class ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator implements BeanFactoryInitia
 
 	private static final String APPLICATION_CONTEXT_VARIABLE = "applicationContext";
 
-	private final List<MethodReference> initializers = new ArrayList<>();
+	private final GenericApplicationContext applicationContext;
 
 	private final GeneratedClass generatedClass;
 
+	private final List<MethodReference> initializers = new ArrayList<>();
+
 
-	ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator(GenerationContext generationContext) {
+	ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator(GenericApplicationContext applicationContext, GenerationContext generationContext) {
+		this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
 		this.generatedClass = generationContext.getGeneratedClasses()
 				.addForFeature("ApplicationContextInitializer", this::generateType);
 		this.generatedClass.reserveMethodNames(INITIALIZE_METHOD);
@@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ class ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator implements BeanFactoryInitia
 				BEAN_FACTORY_VARIABLE, ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver.class);
 		code.addStatement("$L.setDependencyComparator($T.INSTANCE)",
 				BEAN_FACTORY_VARIABLE, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.class);
+		code.add(generateActiveProfilesInitializeCode());
 		ArgumentCodeGenerator argCodeGenerator = createInitializerMethodArgumentCodeGenerator();
 		for (MethodReference initializer : this.initializers) {
 			code.addStatement(initializer.toInvokeCodeBlock(argCodeGenerator, this.generatedClass.getName()));
@@ -104,6 +110,17 @@ class ApplicationContextInitializationCodeGenerator implements BeanFactoryInitia
 		return code.build();
 	}
 
+	private CodeBlock generateActiveProfilesInitializeCode() {
+		CodeBlock.Builder code = CodeBlock.builder();
+		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = this.applicationContext.getEnvironment();
+		if (!Arrays.equals(environment.getActiveProfiles(), environment.getDefaultProfiles())) {
+			for (String activeProfile : environment.getActiveProfiles()) {
+				code.addStatement("$L.getEnvironment().addActiveProfile($S)", APPLICATION_CONTEXT_VARIABLE, activeProfile);
+			}
+		}
+		return code.build();
+	}
+
 	static ArgumentCodeGenerator createInitializerMethodArgumentCodeGenerator() {
 		return ArgumentCodeGenerator.from(new InitializerMethodArgumentCodeGenerator());
 	}
diff --git a/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests.java b/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests.java
index 01a210cd0d5..a2ab23b8ade 100644
--- a/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests.java
+++ b/spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests.java
@@ -22,9 +22,13 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
 import org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedFiles.Kind;
 import org.springframework.aot.generate.GenerationContext;
@@ -384,6 +388,37 @@ class ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests {
 
 	}
 
+	@Nested
+	static class ActiveProfile {
+
+		@ParameterizedTest
+		@MethodSource("activeProfilesParameters")
+		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasActiveProfiles(String[] aotProfiles, String[] runtimeProfiles, String[] expectedActiveProfiles) {
+			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new GenericApplicationContext();
+			if (aotProfiles.length != 0) {
+				applicationContext.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles(aotProfiles);
+			}
+			testCompiledResult(applicationContext, (initializer, compiled) -> {
+				GenericApplicationContext freshApplicationContext = new GenericApplicationContext();
+				if (runtimeProfiles.length != 0) {
+					freshApplicationContext.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles(runtimeProfiles);
+				}
+				initializer.initialize(freshApplicationContext);
+				freshApplicationContext.refresh();
+				assertThat(freshApplicationContext.getEnvironment().getActiveProfiles()).containsExactly(expectedActiveProfiles);
+			});
+		}
+
+		static Stream<Arguments> activeProfilesParameters() {
+			return Stream.of(Arguments.of(new String[] { "aot", "prod" }, new String[] {}, new String[] { "aot", "prod" }),
+					Arguments.of(new String[] {}, new String[] { "aot", "prod" }, new String[] { "aot", "prod" }),
+					Arguments.of(new String[] { "aot" }, new String[] { "prod" }, new String[] { "prod", "aot" }),
+					Arguments.of(new String[] { "aot", "prod" }, new String[] { "aot", "prod" }, new String[] { "aot", "prod" }),
+					Arguments.of(new String[] { "default" }, new String[] {}, new String[] {}));
+		}
+
+	}
+
 	private Consumer<List<? extends JdkProxyHint>> doesNotHaveProxyFor(Class<?> target) {
 		return hints -> assertThat(hints).noneMatch(hint ->
 				hint.getProxiedInterfaces().get(0).equals(TypeReference.of(target)));