Cache DependencyDescriptor per autowired constructor argument

Aligned with shortcut handling in AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
Includes minor MethodInvoker optimization for pre-resolved targetClass.

Closes gh-30883

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java

@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationA
 		private Object resolveFieldValue(Field field, Object bean, @Nullable String beanName) {
 			DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
 			desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
-			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
+			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
 			Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
 			TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
 			Object value;
@@ -724,8 +724,7 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationA
 							String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
 							if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
 									beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
-								cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
-										desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
+								cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(desc, autowiredBeanName);
 							}
 						}
 						this.cachedFieldValue = cachedFieldValue;
@@ -805,7 +804,7 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationA
 			int argumentCount = method.getParameterCount();
 			Object[] arguments = new Object[argumentCount];
 			DependencyDescriptor[] descriptors = new DependencyDescriptor[argumentCount];
-			Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(argumentCount);
+			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(argumentCount * 2);
 			Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
 			TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
 			for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
@@ -814,7 +813,7 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationA
 				currDesc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
 				descriptors[i] = currDesc;
 				try {
-					Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeans, typeConverter);
+					Object arg = beanFactory.resolveDependency(currDesc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
 					if (arg == null && !this.required) {
 						arguments = null;
 						break;
@@ -829,16 +828,16 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationA
 				if (!this.cached) {
 					if (arguments != null) {
 						DependencyDescriptor[] cachedMethodArguments = Arrays.copyOf(descriptors, argumentCount);
-						registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeans);
-						if (autowiredBeans.size() == argumentCount) {
-							Iterator<String> it = autowiredBeans.iterator();
+						registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
+						if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == argumentCount) {
+							Iterator<String> it = autowiredBeanNames.iterator();
 							Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
 							for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
 								String autowiredBeanName = it.next();
 								if (arguments[i] != null && beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
 										beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i])) {
 									cachedMethodArguments[i] = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
-											descriptors[i], autowiredBeanName, paramTypes[i]);
+											descriptors[i], autowiredBeanName);
 								}
 							}
 						}
@@ -864,17 +863,14 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationA
 
 		private final String shortcut;
 
-		private final Class<?> requiredType;
-
-		public ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original, String shortcut, Class<?> requiredType) {
+		public ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original, String shortcut) {
 			super(original);
 			this.shortcut = shortcut;
-			this.requiredType = requiredType;
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public Object resolveShortcut(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
-			return beanFactory.getBean(this.shortcut, this.requiredType);
+			return beanFactory.getBean(this.shortcut, getDependencyType());
 		}
 	}
 

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/AutowiredElementResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -62,20 +62,14 @@ abstract class AutowiredElementResolver {
 
 		private final String shortcut;
 
-		private final Class<?> requiredType;
-
-
-		public ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original,
-				String shortcut, Class<?> requiredType) {
+		public ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(DependencyDescriptor original, String shortcut) {
 			super(original);
 			this.shortcut = shortcut;
-			this.requiredType = requiredType;
 		}
 
-
 		@Override
 		public Object resolveShortcut(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
-			return beanFactory.getBean(this.shortcut, this.requiredType);
+			return beanFactory.getBean(this.shortcut, getDependencyType());
 		}
 	}
 

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/AutowiredFieldValueResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -179,8 +179,7 @@ public final class AutowiredFieldValueResolver extends AutowiredElementResolver
 		DependencyDescriptor descriptor = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
 		descriptor.setContainingClass(beanClass);
 		if (this.shortcut != null) {
-			descriptor = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptor, this.shortcut,
-					field.getType());
+			descriptor = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptor, this.shortcut);
 		}
 		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
 		TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ public final class AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver extends AutowiredElementReso
 		this.shortcuts = shortcuts;
 	}
 
+
 	/**
 	 * Create a new {@link AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver} for the specified
 	 * method where injection is optional.
@@ -83,11 +84,8 @@ public final class AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver extends AutowiredElementReso
 	 * @param parameterTypes the factory method parameter types
 	 * @return a new {@link AutowiredFieldValueResolver} instance
 	 */
-	public static AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver forMethod(String methodName,
-			Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
-
-		return new AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver(methodName, parameterTypes, false,
-				null);
+	public static AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver forMethod(String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		return new AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver(methodName, parameterTypes, false, null);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -97,11 +95,8 @@ public final class AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver extends AutowiredElementReso
 	 * @param parameterTypes the factory method parameter types
 	 * @return a new {@link AutowiredFieldValueResolver} instance
 	 */
-	public static AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver forRequiredMethod(String methodName,
-			Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
-
-		return new AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver(methodName, parameterTypes, true,
-				null);
+	public static AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver forRequiredMethod(String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		return new AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver(methodName, parameterTypes, true, null);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -113,8 +108,7 @@ public final class AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver extends AutowiredElementReso
 	 * the shortcuts
 	 */
 	public AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver withShortcut(String... beanNames) {
-		return new AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver(this.methodName, this.parameterTypes,
-				this.required, beanNames);
+		return new AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver(this.methodName, this.parameterTypes, this.required, beanNames);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -123,9 +117,7 @@ public final class AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver extends AutowiredElementReso
 	 * @param registeredBean the registered bean
 	 * @param action the action to execute with the resolved method arguments
 	 */
-	public void resolve(RegisteredBean registeredBean,
-			ThrowingConsumer<AutowiredArguments> action) {
-
+	public void resolve(RegisteredBean registeredBean, ThrowingConsumer<AutowiredArguments> action) {
 		Assert.notNull(registeredBean, "'registeredBean' must not be null");
 		Assert.notNull(action, "'action' must not be null");
 		AutowiredArguments resolved = resolve(registeredBean);
@@ -177,25 +169,22 @@ public final class AutowiredMethodArgumentsResolver extends AutowiredElementReso
 		TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
 		for (int i = 0; i < argumentCount; i++) {
 			MethodParameter parameter = new MethodParameter(method, i);
-			DependencyDescriptor descriptor = new DependencyDescriptor(parameter,
-					this.required);
+			DependencyDescriptor descriptor = new DependencyDescriptor(parameter, this.required);
 			descriptor.setContainingClass(beanClass);
-			String shortcut = (this.shortcuts != null) ? this.shortcuts[i] : null;
+			String shortcut = (this.shortcuts != null ? this.shortcuts[i] : null);
 			if (shortcut != null) {
-				descriptor = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptor, shortcut,
-						parameter.getParameterType());
+				descriptor = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptor, shortcut);
 			}
 			try {
-				Object argument = autowireCapableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor,
-						beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
+				Object argument = autowireCapableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(
+						descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
 				if (argument == null && !this.required) {
 					return null;
 				}
 				arguments[i] = argument;
 			}
 			catch (BeansException ex) {
-				throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName,
-						new InjectionPoint(parameter), ex);
+				throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(parameter), ex);
 			}
 		}
 		registerDependentBeans(beanFactory, beanName, autowiredBeanNames);

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/BeanInstanceSupplier.java

@@ -248,18 +248,18 @@ public final class BeanInstanceSupplier<T> extends AutowiredElementResolver impl
 				() -> "'shortcuts' must contain " + resolved.length + " elements");
 
 		ConstructorArgumentValues argumentValues = resolveArgumentValues(registeredBean);
-		Set<String> autowiredBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(resolved.length);
+		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(resolved.length * 2);
 		for (int i = startIndex; i < parameterCount; i++) {
 			MethodParameter parameter = getMethodParameter(executable, i);
 			DependencyDescriptor descriptor = new DependencyDescriptor(parameter, true);
 			String shortcut = (this.shortcuts != null ? this.shortcuts[i - startIndex] : null);
 			if (shortcut != null) {
-				descriptor = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptor, shortcut, registeredBean.getBeanClass());
+				descriptor = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(descriptor, shortcut);
 			}
 			ValueHolder argumentValue = argumentValues.getIndexedArgumentValue(i, null);
-			resolved[i - startIndex] = resolveArgument(registeredBean, descriptor, argumentValue, autowiredBeans);
+			resolved[i - startIndex] = resolveArgument(registeredBean, descriptor, argumentValue, autowiredBeanNames);
 		}
-		registerDependentBeans(registeredBean.getBeanFactory(), registeredBean.getBeanName(), autowiredBeans);
+		registerDependentBeans(registeredBean.getBeanFactory(), registeredBean.getBeanName(), autowiredBeanNames);
 
 		return AutowiredArguments.of(resolved);
 	}
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ public final class BeanInstanceSupplier<T> extends AutowiredElementResolver impl
 
 	@Nullable
 	private Object resolveArgument(RegisteredBean registeredBean, DependencyDescriptor descriptor,
-			@Nullable ValueHolder argumentValue, Set<String> autowiredBeans) {
+			@Nullable ValueHolder argumentValue, Set<String> autowiredBeanNames) {
 
 		TypeConverter typeConverter = registeredBean.getBeanFactory().getTypeConverter();
 		if (argumentValue != null) {
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ public final class BeanInstanceSupplier<T> extends AutowiredElementResolver impl
 							descriptor.getDependencyType(), descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
 		}
 		try {
-			return registeredBean.resolveAutowiredArgument(descriptor, typeConverter, autowiredBeans);
+			return registeredBean.resolveAutowiredArgument(descriptor, typeConverter, autowiredBeanNames);
 		}
 		catch (BeansException ex) {
 			throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, registeredBean.getBeanName(), descriptor, ex);

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java

@@ -1483,8 +1483,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFac
 			converter = bw;
 		}
 
-		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
 		String[] propertyNames = unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(mbd, bw);
+		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(propertyNames.length * 2);
 		for (String propertyName : propertyNames) {
 			try {
 				PropertyDescriptor pd = bw.getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName);

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public class BeanDefinitionValueResolver {
 					(name, mbd) -> resolveInnerBeanValue(argName, name, mbd));
 		}
 		else if (value instanceof DependencyDescriptor dependencyDescriptor) {
-			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
+			Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
 			Object result = this.beanFactory.resolveDependency(
 					dependencyDescriptor, this.beanName, autowiredBeanNames, this.typeConverter);
 			for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/ConstructorResolver.java

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import org.springframework.beans.TypeConverter;
 import org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.InjectionPoint;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  * @author Sebastien Deleuze
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
- * @author Phil Webb
+ * @author Phillip Webb
  * @since 2.0
  * @see #autowireConstructor
  * @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
@@ -96,12 +97,6 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 
 	private static final Object[] EMPTY_ARGS = new Object[0];
 
-	/**
-	 * Marker for autowired arguments in a cached argument array, to be replaced
-	 * by a {@linkplain #resolveAutowiredArgument resolved autowired argument}.
-	 */
-	private static final Object autowiredArgumentMarker = new Object();
-
 	private static final NamedThreadLocal<InjectionPoint> currentInjectionPoint =
 			new NamedThreadLocal<>("Current injection point");
 
@@ -729,7 +724,7 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 
 		ArgumentsHolder args = new ArgumentsHolder(paramTypes.length);
 		Set<ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder> usedValueHolders = new HashSet<>(paramTypes.length);
-		Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
+		Set<String> allAutowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(paramTypes.length * 2);
 
 		for (int paramIndex = 0; paramIndex < paramTypes.length; paramIndex++) {
 			Class<?> paramType = paramTypes[paramIndex];
@@ -764,8 +759,8 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 						throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(
 								mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam),
 								"Could not convert argument value of type [" +
-										ObjectUtils.nullSafeClassName(valueHolder.getValue()) +
-										"] to required type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + ex.getMessage());
+								ObjectUtils.nullSafeClassName(valueHolder.getValue()) +
+								"] to required type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + ex.getMessage());
 					}
 					Object sourceHolder = valueHolder.getSource();
 					if (sourceHolder instanceof ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder constructorValueHolder) {
@@ -788,11 +783,17 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 							"] - did you specify the correct bean references as arguments?");
 				}
 				try {
-					Object autowiredArgument = resolveAutowiredArgument(new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, true),
-							beanName, autowiredBeanNames, converter, fallback);
-					args.rawArguments[paramIndex] = autowiredArgument;
-					args.arguments[paramIndex] = autowiredArgument;
-					args.preparedArguments[paramIndex] = autowiredArgumentMarker;
+					ConstructorDependencyDescriptor desc = new ConstructorDependencyDescriptor(methodParam, true);
+					Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
+					Object arg = resolveAutowiredArgument(
+							desc, paramType, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, converter, fallback);
+					if (arg != null) {
+						setShortcutIfPossible(desc, paramType, autowiredBeanNames);
+					}
+					allAutowiredBeanNames.addAll(autowiredBeanNames);
+					args.rawArguments[paramIndex] = arg;
+					args.arguments[paramIndex] = arg;
+					args.preparedArguments[paramIndex] = desc;
 					args.resolveNecessary = true;
 				}
 				catch (BeansException ex) {
@@ -802,14 +803,7 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 			}
 		}
 
-		for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
-			this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, beanName);
-			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-				logger.debug("Autowiring by type from bean name '" + beanName +
-						"' via " + (executable instanceof Constructor ? "constructor" : "factory method") +
-						" to bean named '" + autowiredBeanName + "'");
-			}
-		}
+		registerDependentBeans(executable, beanName, allAutowiredBeanNames);
 
 		return args;
 	}
@@ -829,32 +823,56 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 		Object[] resolvedArgs = new Object[argsToResolve.length];
 		for (int argIndex = 0; argIndex < argsToResolve.length; argIndex++) {
 			Object argValue = argsToResolve[argIndex];
-			MethodParameter methodParam = MethodParameter.forExecutable(executable, argIndex);
-			if (argValue == autowiredArgumentMarker) {
-				argValue = resolveAutowiredArgument(new DependencyDescriptor(methodParam, true),
-						beanName, null, converter, true);
+			Class<?> paramType = paramTypes[argIndex];
+			boolean convertNecessary = false;
+			if (argValue instanceof ConstructorDependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
+				try {
+					argValue = resolveAutowiredArgument(descriptor, paramType, beanName,
+							null, converter, true);
+				}
+				catch (BeansException ex) {
+					// Unexpected target bean mismatch for cached argument -> re-resolve
+					synchronized (descriptor) {
+						if (!descriptor.hasShortcut()) {
+							throw ex;
+						}
+						descriptor.setShortcut(null);
+						Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(2);
+						argValue = resolveAutowiredArgument(descriptor, paramType, beanName,
+								autowiredBeanNames, converter, true);
+						if (argValue != null) {
+							setShortcutIfPossible(descriptor, paramType, autowiredBeanNames);
+						}
+						registerDependentBeans(executable, beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
+					}
+				}
 			}
 			else if (argValue instanceof BeanMetadataElement) {
 				argValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary("constructor argument", argValue);
+				convertNecessary = true;
 			}
 			else if (argValue instanceof String text) {
 				argValue = this.beanFactory.evaluateBeanDefinitionString(text, mbd);
+				convertNecessary = true;
 			}
-			Class<?> paramType = paramTypes[argIndex];
-			try {
-				resolvedArgs[argIndex] = converter.convertIfNecessary(argValue, paramType, methodParam);
-			}
-			catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
-				throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(
-						mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam),
-						"Could not convert argument value of type [" + ObjectUtils.nullSafeClassName(argValue) +
-						"] to required type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + ex.getMessage());
+			if (convertNecessary) {
+				MethodParameter methodParam = MethodParameter.forExecutable(executable, argIndex);
+				try {
+					argValue = converter.convertIfNecessary(argValue, paramType, methodParam);
+				}
+				catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
+					throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(
+							mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, new InjectionPoint(methodParam),
+							"Could not convert argument value of type [" + ObjectUtils.nullSafeClassName(argValue) +
+							"] to required type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + ex.getMessage());
+				}
 			}
+			resolvedArgs[argIndex] = argValue;
 		}
 		return resolvedArgs;
 	}
 
-	protected Constructor<?> getUserDeclaredConstructor(Constructor<?> constructor) {
+	private Constructor<?> getUserDeclaredConstructor(Constructor<?> constructor) {
 		Class<?> declaringClass = constructor.getDeclaringClass();
 		Class<?> userClass = ClassUtils.getUserClass(declaringClass);
 		if (userClass != declaringClass) {
@@ -870,13 +888,12 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Template method for resolving the specified argument which is supposed to be autowired.
+	 * Resolve the specified argument which is supposed to be autowired.
 	 */
 	@Nullable
-	protected Object resolveAutowiredArgument(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, String beanName,
+	Object resolveAutowiredArgument(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, Class<?> paramType, String beanName,
 			@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, TypeConverter typeConverter, boolean fallback) {
 
-		Class<?> paramType = descriptor.getMethodParameter().getParameterType();
 		if (InjectionPoint.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
 			InjectionPoint injectionPoint = currentInjectionPoint.get();
 			if (injectionPoint == null) {
@@ -884,9 +901,9 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 			}
 			return injectionPoint;
 		}
+
 		try {
-			return this.beanFactory.resolveDependency(
-					descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
+			return this.beanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
 		}
 		catch (NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException ex) {
 			throw ex;
@@ -909,6 +926,31 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 		}
 	}
 
+	private void setShortcutIfPossible(
+			ConstructorDependencyDescriptor descriptor, Class<?> paramType, Set<String> autowiredBeanNames) {
+
+		if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
+			String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
+			if (this.beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
+					this.beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, paramType)) {
+				descriptor.setShortcut(autowiredBeanName);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void registerDependentBeans(
+			Executable executable, String beanName, Set<String> autowiredBeanNames) {
+
+		for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
+			this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, beanName);
+			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+				logger.debug("Autowiring by type from bean name '" + beanName + "' via " +
+						(executable instanceof Constructor ? "constructor" : "factory method") +
+						" to bean named '" + autowiredBeanName + "'");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 
 	// AOT-oriented pre-resolution
 
@@ -1361,6 +1403,37 @@ class ConstructorResolver {
 	}
 
 
+	/**
+	 * DependencyDescriptor marker for constructor arguments,
+	 * for differentiating between a provided DependencyDescriptor instance
+	 * and an internally built DependencyDescriptor for autowiring purposes.
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	private static class ConstructorDependencyDescriptor extends DependencyDescriptor {
+
+		@Nullable
+		private volatile String shortcut;
+
+		public ConstructorDependencyDescriptor(MethodParameter methodParameter, boolean required) {
+			super(methodParameter, required);
+		}
+
+		public void setShortcut(@Nullable String shortcut) {
+			this.shortcut = shortcut;
+		}
+
+		public boolean hasShortcut() {
+			return (this.shortcut != null);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Object resolveShortcut(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
+			String shortcut = this.shortcut;
+			return (shortcut != null ? beanFactory.getBean(shortcut, getDependencyType()) : null);
+		}
+	}
+
+
 	private enum FallbackMode {
 
 		NONE,

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/RegisteredBean.java

@@ -216,16 +216,18 @@ public final class RegisteredBean {
 	 * Resolve an autowired argument.
 	 * @param descriptor the descriptor for the dependency (field/method/constructor)
 	 * @param typeConverter the TypeConverter to use for populating arrays and collections
-	 * @param autowiredBeans a Set that all names of autowired beans (used for
+	 * @param autowiredBeanNames a Set that all names of autowired beans (used for
 	 * resolving the given dependency) are supposed to be added to
 	 * @return the resolved object, or {@code null} if none found
 	 * @since 6.0.9
 	 */
 	@Nullable
-	public Object resolveAutowiredArgument(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, TypeConverter typeConverter,
-			Set<String> autowiredBeans) {
+	public Object resolveAutowiredArgument(
+			DependencyDescriptor descriptor, TypeConverter typeConverter, Set<String> autowiredBeanNames) {
+
 		return new ConstructorResolver((AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory) getBeanFactory())
-				.resolveAutowiredArgument(descriptor, getBeanName(), autowiredBeans, typeConverter, true);
+				.resolveAutowiredArgument(descriptor, descriptor.getDependencyType(),
+						getBeanName(), autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter, true);
 	}
 
 

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java

@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
 import org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.SerializationTestUtils;
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -128,6 +130,8 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		bean = bf.getBean("annotatedBean", ResourceInjectionBean.class);
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isSameAs(tb);
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isSameAs(tb);
+
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean"});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -150,10 +154,12 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean"});
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void resourceInjectionWithSometimesNullBean() {
+	void resourceInjectionWithSometimesNullBeanEarly() {
 		RootBeanDefinition bd = new RootBeanDefinition(OptionalResourceInjectionBean.class);
 		bd.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
 		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", bd);
@@ -168,6 +174,18 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
 
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
 		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
 		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNotNull();
@@ -186,12 +204,43 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
 
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean"});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void resourceInjectionWithSometimesNullBeanLate() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd = new RootBeanDefinition(OptionalResourceInjectionBean.class);
+		bd.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", bd);
+		RootBeanDefinition tb = new RootBeanDefinition(SometimesNullFactoryMethods.class);
+		tb.setFactoryMethodName("createTestBean");
+		tb.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean", tb);
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		OptionalResourceInjectionBean bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
 		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
 		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNotNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNotNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
 
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
 		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
 		bean = (OptionalResourceInjectionBean) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNotNull();
@@ -203,6 +252,8 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean()).isNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean2()).isNull();
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean"});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -231,10 +282,7 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getNestedTestBean()).isSameAs(ntb);
 		assertThat(bean.getBeanFactory()).isSameAs(bf);
 
-		String[] depBeans = bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean");
-		assertThat(depBeans).hasSize(2);
-		assertThat(depBeans[0]).isEqualTo("testBean");
-		assertThat(depBeans[1]).isEqualTo("nestedTestBean");
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean", "nestedTestBean"});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -696,6 +744,9 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getTestBean4()).isSameAs(tb);
 		assertThat(bean.getNestedTestBean()).isSameAs(ntb);
 		assertThat(bean.getBeanFactory()).isSameAs(bf);
+
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(
+				new String[] {"testBean", "nestedTestBean", ObjectUtils.identityToString(bf)});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -858,6 +909,80 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 				.satisfies(methodParameterDeclaredOn(ConstructorWithoutFallbackBean.class));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void constructorResourceInjectionWithSometimesNullBeanEarly() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd = new RootBeanDefinition(ConstructorWithNullableArgument.class);
+		bd.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", bd);
+		RootBeanDefinition tb = new RootBeanDefinition(SometimesNullFactoryMethods.class);
+		tb.setFactoryMethodName("createTestBean");
+		tb.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean", tb);
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		ConstructorWithNullableArgument bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean"});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void constructorResourceInjectionWithSometimesNullBeanLate() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd = new RootBeanDefinition(ConstructorWithNullableArgument.class);
+		bd.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", bd);
+		RootBeanDefinition tb = new RootBeanDefinition(SometimesNullFactoryMethods.class);
+		tb.setFactoryMethodName("createTestBean");
+		tb.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean", tb);
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		ConstructorWithNullableArgument bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = true;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNotNull();
+
+		SometimesNullFactoryMethods.active = false;
+		bean = (ConstructorWithNullableArgument) bf.getBean("annotatedBean");
+		assertThat(bean.getTestBean3()).isNull();
+
+		assertThat(bf.getDependenciesForBean("annotatedBean")).isEqualTo(new String[] {"testBean"});
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void constructorResourceInjectionWithCollectionAndNullFromFactoryBean() {
 		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", new RootBeanDefinition(
@@ -2788,6 +2913,21 @@ public class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
+	public static class ConstructorWithNullableArgument {
+
+		protected ITestBean testBean3;
+
+		@Autowired(required = false)
+		public ConstructorWithNullableArgument(@Nullable ITestBean testBean3) {
+			this.testBean3 = testBean3;
+		}
+
+		public ITestBean getTestBean3() {
+			return this.testBean3;
+		}
+	}
+
+
 	public static class ConstructorsCollectionResourceInjectionBean {
 
 		protected ITestBean testBean3;

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/MethodInvoker.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ public class MethodInvoker {
 
 	/**
 	 * Set a fully qualified static method name to invoke,
-	 * e.g. "example.MyExampleClass.myExampleMethod".
-	 * Convenient alternative to specifying targetClass and targetMethod.
+	 * e.g. "example.MyExampleClass.myExampleMethod". This is a
+	 * convenient alternative to specifying targetClass and targetMethod.
 	 * @see #setTargetClass
 	 * @see #setTargetMethod
 	 */
@@ -157,14 +157,16 @@ public class MethodInvoker {
 	public void prepare() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		if (this.staticMethod != null) {
 			int lastDotIndex = this.staticMethod.lastIndexOf('.');
-			if (lastDotIndex == -1 || lastDotIndex == this.staticMethod.length()) {
+			if (lastDotIndex == -1 || lastDotIndex == this.staticMethod.length() - 1) {
 				throw new IllegalArgumentException(
 						"staticMethod must be a fully qualified class plus method name: " +
 						"e.g. 'example.MyExampleClass.myExampleMethod'");
 			}
 			String className = this.staticMethod.substring(0, lastDotIndex);
 			String methodName = this.staticMethod.substring(lastDotIndex + 1);
-			this.targetClass = resolveClassName(className);
+			if (this.targetClass == null || !this.targetClass.getName().equals(className)) {
+				this.targetClass = resolveClassName(className);
+			}
 			this.targetMethod = methodName;
 		}