Merge branch cbeams/SPR-7022

* SPR-7022:
  Support initial delay attribute for scheduled tasks
  Polish scheduled task execution infrastructure

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/Scheduled.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 
 /**
  * Annotation that marks a method to be scheduled. Exactly one of the
- * <code>cron</code>, <code>fixedDelay</code>, or <code>fixedRate</code>
+ * {@link #cron()}, {@link #fixedDelay()}, or {@link #fixedRate()}
- * attributes must be provided.
+ * attributes must be specified.
  *
  * <p>The annotated method must expect no arguments and have a
- * <code>void</code> return type.
+ * {@code void} return type.
  *
  * <p>Processing of {@code @Scheduled} annotations is performed by
  * registering a {@link ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor}. This can be
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
  *
  * @author Mark Fisher
  * @author Dave Syer
+ * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 3.0
  * @see EnableScheduling
  * @see ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
@@ -49,9 +50,10 @@ public @interface Scheduled {
 	/**
 	 * A cron-like expression, extending the usual UN*X definition to include
 	 * triggers on the second as well as minute, hour, day of month, month
-	 * and day of week.  e.g. <code>"0 * * * * MON-FRI"</code> means once 
+	 * and day of week.  e.g. {@code "0 * * * * MON-FRI"} means once per minute on
-	 * per minute on weekdays (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
+	 * weekdays (at the top of the minute - the 0th second).
 	 * @return an expression that can be parsed to a cron schedule
+	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator
 	 */
 	String cron() default "";
 
@@ -68,4 +70,12 @@ public @interface Scheduled {
 	 */
 	long fixedRate() default -1;
 
+	/**
+	 * Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a
+	 * {@link #fixedRate()} or {@link #fixedDelay()} task.
+	 * @return the initial delay in milliseconds
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 */
+	long initialDelay() default 0;
+
 }

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package org.springframework.scheduling.annotation;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.config.CronTask;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.config.IntervalTask;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
@@ -74,13 +77,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 
 	private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
 
-	private ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar;
+	private final ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = new ScheduledTaskRegistrar();
-
-	private final Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, String>();
-
-	private final Map<Runnable, Long> fixedDelayTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, Long>();
-
-	private final Map<Runnable, Long> fixedRateTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, Long>();
 
 
 	/**
@@ -104,7 +101,6 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 		return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
 	}
 
-
 	public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
 		return bean;
 	}
@@ -124,9 +120,11 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 							// found a @Scheduled method on the target class for this JDK proxy -> is it
 							// also present on the proxy itself?
 							method = bean.getClass().getMethod(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
-						} catch (SecurityException ex) {
+						}
+						catch (SecurityException ex) {
 							ReflectionUtils.handleReflectionException(ex);
-						} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
+						}
+						catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
 							throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
 									"@Scheduled method '%s' found on bean target class '%s', " +
 									"but not found in any interface(s) for bean JDK proxy. Either " +
@@ -137,26 +135,27 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 					}
 					Runnable runnable = new ScheduledMethodRunnable(bean, method);
 					boolean processedSchedule = false;
-					String errorMessage = "Exactly one of 'cron', 'fixedDelay', or 'fixedRate' is required.";
+					String errorMessage = "Exactly one of the 'cron', 'fixedDelay', or 'fixedRate' attributes is required.";
 					String cron = annotation.cron();
 					if (!"".equals(cron)) {
 						processedSchedule = true;
 						if (embeddedValueResolver != null) {
 							cron = embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(cron);
 						}
-						cronTasks.put(runnable, cron);
+						registrar.addCronTask(new CronTask(runnable, cron));
 					}
+					long initialDelay = annotation.initialDelay();
 					long fixedDelay = annotation.fixedDelay();
 					if (fixedDelay >= 0) {
 						Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
 						processedSchedule = true;
-						fixedDelayTasks.put(runnable, fixedDelay);
+						registrar.addFixedDelayTask(new IntervalTask(runnable, fixedDelay, initialDelay));
 					}
 					long fixedRate = annotation.fixedRate();
 					if (fixedRate >= 0) {
 						Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
 						processedSchedule = true;
-						fixedRateTasks.put(runnable, fixedRate);
+						registrar.addFixedRateTask(new IntervalTask(runnable, fixedRate, initialDelay));
 					}
 					Assert.isTrue(processedSchedule, errorMessage);
 				}
@@ -170,17 +169,8 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 			return;
 		}
 
-		Map<String, SchedulingConfigurer> configurers = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(SchedulingConfigurer.class);
+		Map<String, SchedulingConfigurer> configurers =
-
+				this.applicationContext.getBeansOfType(SchedulingConfigurer.class);
-		if (this.cronTasks.isEmpty() && this.fixedDelayTasks.isEmpty() &&
-				this.fixedRateTasks.isEmpty() && configurers.isEmpty()) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		this.registrar = new ScheduledTaskRegistrar();
-		this.registrar.setCronTasks(this.cronTasks);
-		this.registrar.setFixedDelayTasks(this.fixedDelayTasks);
-		this.registrar.setFixedRateTasks(this.fixedRateTasks);
 
 		if (this.scheduler != null) {
 			this.registrar.setScheduler(this.scheduler);
@@ -190,19 +180,23 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 			configurer.configureTasks(this.registrar);
 		}
 
-		if (registrar.getScheduler() == null) {
+		if (this.registrar.hasTasks() && this.registrar.getScheduler() == null) {
 			Map<String, ? super Object> schedulers = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 			schedulers.putAll(applicationContext.getBeansOfType(TaskScheduler.class));
 			schedulers.putAll(applicationContext.getBeansOfType(ScheduledExecutorService.class));
 			if (schedulers.size() == 0) {
 				// do nothing -> fall back to default scheduler
-			} else if (schedulers.size() == 1) {
+			}
+			else if (schedulers.size() == 1) {
 				this.registrar.setScheduler(schedulers.values().iterator().next());
-			} else if (schedulers.size() >= 2){
+			}
-				throw new IllegalStateException("More than one TaskScheduler and/or ScheduledExecutorService  " +
+			else if (schedulers.size() >= 2){
-						"exist within the context. Remove all but one of the beans; or implement the " +
+				throw new IllegalStateException(
-						"SchedulingConfigurer interface and call ScheduledTaskRegistrar#setScheduler " +
+						"More than one TaskScheduler and/or ScheduledExecutorService  " +
-						"explicitly within the configureTasks() callback. Found the following beans: " + schedulers.keySet());
+						"exist within the context. Remove all but one of the beans; or " +
+						"implement the SchedulingConfigurer interface and call " +
+						"ScheduledTaskRegistrar#setScheduler explicitly within the " +
+						"configureTasks() callback. Found the following beans: " + schedulers.keySet());
 			}
 		}
 

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/SchedulingConfigurer.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ package org.springframework.scheduling.annotation;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
 
 /**
- * Interface to be implemented by @{@link org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration}
+ * Optional interface to be implemented by @{@link
- * classes annotated with @{@link EnableScheduling} that wish to register scheduled tasks
+ * org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration Configuration} classes annotated
- * in a <em>programmatic</em> fashion as opposed to the <em>declarative</em> approach of
+ * with @{@link EnableScheduling}. Typically used for setting a specific
- * using the @{@link Scheduled} annotation. For example, this may be necessary when
+ * {@link org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler TaskScheduler} bean to be used when
- * implementing {@link org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger Trigger}-based tasks, which
+ * executing scheduled tasks or for registering scheduled tasks in a <em>programmatic</em>
- * are not supported by the {@code @Scheduled} annotation.
+ * fashion as opposed to the <em>declarative</em> approach of using the @{@link Scheduled}
+ * annotation. For example, this may be necessary when implementing {@link
+ * org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger Trigger}-based tasks, which are not supported by
+ * the {@code @Scheduled} annotation.
  *
  * <p>See @{@link EnableScheduling} for detailed usage examples.
  *
@@ -35,6 +38,12 @@ import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
  */
 public interface SchedulingConfigurer {
 
+	/**
+	 * Callback allowing a {@link org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler
+	 * TaskScheduler} and specific {@link org.springframework.scheduling.config.Task Task}
+	 * instances to be registered against the given the {@link ScheduledTaskRegistrar}
+	 * @param taskRegistrar the registrar to be configured.
+	 */
 	void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar);
 
 }

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/CronTask.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
+
+import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger;
+
+/**
+ * {@link TriggerTask} implementation defining a {@code Runnable} to be executed according
+ * to a {@linkplain org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator standard
+ * cron expression}.
+ *
+ * @author Chris Beams
+ * @since 3.2
+ * @see Scheduled#cron()
+ * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar#setCronTasksList(java.util.List)
+ * @see org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler
+ */
+public class CronTask extends TriggerTask {
+
+	private String expression;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code CronTask}.
+	 * @param runnable the underlying task to execute
+	 * @param expression cron expression defining when the task should be executed
+	 */
+	public CronTask(Runnable runnable, String expression) {
+		this(runnable, new CronTrigger(expression));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code CronTask}.
+	 * @param runnable the underlying task to execute
+	 * @param cronTrigger the cron trigger defining when the task should be executed
+	 */
+	public CronTask(Runnable runnable, CronTrigger cronTrigger) {
+		super(runnable, cronTrigger);
+		this.expression = cronTrigger.getExpression();
+	}
+
+	public String getExpression() {
+		return expression;
+	}
+}

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/IntervalTask.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Task} implementation defining a {@code Runnable} to be executed at a given
+ * millisecond interval which may be treated as fixed-rate or fixed-delay depending on
+ * context.
+ *
+ * @author Chris Beams
+ * @since 3.2
+ * @see org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled#fixedRate()
+ * @see org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled#fixedDelay()
+ * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar#setFixedRateTasksList(java.util.List)
+ * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar#setFixedDelayTasksList(java.util.List)
+ * @see org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler
+ */
+public class IntervalTask extends Task {
+
+	private final long interval;
+
+	private final long initialDelay;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code IntervalTask}.
+	 * @param runnable the underlying task to execute
+	 * @param interval how often in milliseconds the task should be executed
+	 * @param initialDelay initial delay before first execution of the task
+	 */
+	public IntervalTask(Runnable runnable, long interval, long initialDelay) {
+		super(runnable);
+		this.initialDelay = initialDelay;
+		this.interval = interval;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code IntervalTask} with no initial delay.
+	 * @param runnable the underlying task to execute
+	 * @param interval how often in milliseconds the task should be executed
+	 */
+	public IntervalTask(Runnable runnable, long interval) {
+		this(runnable, interval, 0);
+	}
+
+
+	public long getInterval() {
+		return interval;
+	}
+
+	public long getInitialDelay() {
+		return initialDelay;
+	}
+}

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/ScheduledTaskRegistrar.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 
 package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
-import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
@@ -33,8 +35,8 @@ import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
- * Helper bean for registering tasks with a {@link TaskScheduler},
+ * Helper bean for registering tasks with a {@link TaskScheduler}, typically using cron
- * typically using cron expressions.
+ * expressions.
  *
  * <p>As of Spring 3.1, {@code ScheduledTaskRegistrar} has a more prominent user-facing
  * role when used in conjunction with the @{@link
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
  * SchedulingConfigurer} callback interface.
  *
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 3.0
  * @see org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync
  * @see org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer
@@ -53,19 +56,19 @@ public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
 
 	private ScheduledExecutorService localExecutor;
 
-	private Map<Runnable, Trigger> triggerTasks;
+	private List<TriggerTask> triggerTasks;
 
-	private Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks;
+	private List<CronTask> cronTasks;
 
-	private Map<Runnable, Long> fixedRateTasks;
+	private List<IntervalTask> fixedRateTasks;
 
-	private Map<Runnable, Long> fixedDelayTasks;
+	private List<IntervalTask> fixedDelayTasks;
 
 	private final Set<ScheduledFuture<?>> scheduledFutures = new LinkedHashSet<ScheduledFuture<?>>();
 
 
 	/**
-	 * Set the TaskScheduler to register scheduled tasks with.
+	 * Set the {@link TaskScheduler} to register scheduled tasks with.
 	 */
 	public void setTaskScheduler(TaskScheduler taskScheduler) {
 		Assert.notNull(taskScheduler, "TaskScheduler must not be null");
@@ -73,9 +76,9 @@ public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Set the {@link org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler} to register scheduled
+	 * Set the {@link TaskScheduler} to register scheduled tasks with, or a
-	 * tasks with, or a {@link java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService} to be
+	 * {@link java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService} to be wrapped as a
-	 * wrapped as a TaskScheduler.
+	 * {@code TaskScheduler}.
 	 */
 	public void setScheduler(Object scheduler) {
 		Assert.notNull(scheduler, "Scheduler object must not be null");
@@ -91,17 +94,31 @@ public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Return the scheduler instance for this registrar (may be null)
+	 * Return the {@link TaskScheduler} instance for this registrar (may be {@code null}).
 	 */
 	public TaskScheduler getScheduler() {
 		return this.taskScheduler;
 	}
 
+
 	/**
 	 * Specify triggered tasks as a Map of Runnables (the tasks) and Trigger objects
 	 * (typically custom implementations of the {@link Trigger} interface).
 	 */
 	public void setTriggerTasks(Map<Runnable, Trigger> triggerTasks) {
+		this.triggerTasks = new ArrayList<TriggerTask>();
+		for (Map.Entry<Runnable, Trigger> task : triggerTasks.entrySet()) {
+			this.triggerTasks.add(new TriggerTask(task.getKey(), task.getValue()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Specify triggered tasks as a list of {@link TriggerTask} objects. Primarily used
+	 * by {@code <task:*>} namespace parsing.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser
+	 */
+	public void setTriggerTasksList(List<TriggerTask> triggerTasks) {
 		this.triggerTasks = triggerTasks;
 	}
 
@@ -110,6 +127,19 @@ public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
 	 * @see CronTrigger
 	 */
 	public void setCronTasks(Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks) {
+		this.cronTasks = new ArrayList<CronTask>();
+		for (Map.Entry<Runnable, String> task : cronTasks.entrySet()) {
+			this.addCronTask(task.getKey(), task.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Specify triggered tasks as a list of {@link CronTask} objects. Primarily used by
+	 * {@code <task:*>} namespace parsing.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser
+	 */
+	public void setCronTasksList(List<CronTask> cronTasks) {
 		this.cronTasks = cronTasks;
 	}
 
@@ -118,39 +148,79 @@ public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
 	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable, long)
 	 */
 	public void setFixedRateTasks(Map<Runnable, Long> fixedRateTasks) {
+		this.fixedRateTasks = new ArrayList<IntervalTask>();
+		for (Map.Entry<Runnable, Long> task : fixedRateTasks.entrySet()) {
+			this.addFixedRateTask(task.getKey(), task.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Specify fixed-rate tasks as a list of {@link IntervalTask} objects. Primarily used
+	 * by {@code <task:*>} namespace parsing.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser
+	 */
+	public void setFixedRateTasksList(List<IntervalTask> fixedRateTasks) {
 		this.fixedRateTasks = fixedRateTasks;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Specify triggered tasks as a Map of Runnables (the tasks) and fixed-delay values.
+	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable, long)
+	 */
+	public void setFixedDelayTasks(Map<Runnable, Long> fixedDelayTasks) {
+		this.fixedDelayTasks = new ArrayList<IntervalTask>();
+		for (Map.Entry<Runnable, Long> task : fixedDelayTasks.entrySet()) {
+			this.addFixedDelayTask(task.getKey(), task.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Specify fixed-delay tasks as a list of {@link IntervalTask} objects. Primarily used
+	 * by {@code <task:*>} namespace parsing.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser
+	 */
+	public void setFixedDelayTasksList(List<IntervalTask> fixedDelayTasks) {
+		this.fixedDelayTasks = fixedDelayTasks;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Add a Runnable task to be triggered per the given {@link Trigger}.
 	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable, long)
 	 */
 	public void addTriggerTask(Runnable task, Trigger trigger) {
+		this.addTriggerTask(new TriggerTask(task, trigger));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a {@code TriggerTask}.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable, long)
+	 */
+	public void addTriggerTask(TriggerTask task) {
 		if (this.triggerTasks == null) {
-			this.triggerTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, Trigger>();
+			this.triggerTasks = new ArrayList<TriggerTask>();
 		}
-		this.triggerTasks.put(task, trigger);
+		this.triggerTasks.add(task);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Add a Runnable task to be triggered per the given cron expression
 	 */
-	public void addCronTask(Runnable task, String cronExpression) {
+	public void addCronTask(Runnable task, String expression) {
-		if (this.cronTasks == null) {
+		this.addCronTask(new CronTask(task, expression));
-			this.cronTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, String>();
-		}
-		this.cronTasks.put(task, cronExpression);
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Add a Runnable task to be triggered with the given fixed delay.
+	 * Add a {@link CronTask}.
-	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable, long)
+	 * @since 3.2
 	 */
-	public void addFixedDelayTask(Runnable task, long delay) {
+	public void addCronTask(CronTask task) {
-		if (this.fixedDelayTasks == null) {
+		if (this.cronTasks == null) {
-			this.fixedDelayTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, Long>();
+			this.cronTasks = new ArrayList<CronTask>();
 		}
-		this.fixedDelayTasks.put(task, delay);
+		this.cronTasks.add(task);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -158,49 +228,103 @@ public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean
 	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable, long)
 	 */
 	public void addFixedRateTask(Runnable task, long period) {
+		this.addFixedRateTask(new IntervalTask(task, period, 0));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a fixed-rate {@link IntervalTask}.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable, long)
+	 */
+	public void addFixedRateTask(IntervalTask task) {
 		if (this.fixedRateTasks == null) {
-			this.fixedRateTasks = new HashMap<Runnable, Long>();
+			this.fixedRateTasks = new ArrayList<IntervalTask>();
 		}
-		this.fixedRateTasks.put(task, period);
+		this.fixedRateTasks.add(task);
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Specify triggered tasks as a Map of Runnables (the tasks) and fixed-delay values.
+	 * Add a Runnable task to be triggered with the given fixed delay.
 	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable, long)
 	 */
-	public void setFixedDelayTasks(Map<Runnable, Long> fixedDelayTasks) {
+	public void addFixedDelayTask(Runnable task, long delay) {
-		this.fixedDelayTasks = fixedDelayTasks;
+		this.addFixedDelayTask(new IntervalTask(task, delay, 0));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a fixed-delay {@link IntervalTask}.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 * @see TaskScheduler#scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable, long)
+	 */
+	public void addFixedDelayTask(IntervalTask task) {
+		if (this.fixedDelayTasks == null) {
+			this.fixedDelayTasks = new ArrayList<IntervalTask>();
+		}
+		this.fixedDelayTasks.add(task);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Return whether this {@code ScheduledTaskRegistrar} has any tasks registered.
+	 * @since 3.2
+	 */
+	public boolean hasTasks() {
+		return (this.fixedRateTasks != null && !this.fixedRateTasks.isEmpty()) ||
+				(this.fixedDelayTasks != null && !this.fixedDelayTasks.isEmpty()) ||
+				(this.cronTasks != null && !this.cronTasks.isEmpty()) ||
+				(this.triggerTasks != null && !this.triggerTasks.isEmpty());
+	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Schedule all registered tasks against the underlying {@linkplain
+	 * #setTaskScheduler(TaskScheduler) task scheduler.
+	 */
 	public void afterPropertiesSet() {
+		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
 		if (this.taskScheduler == null) {
 			this.localExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
 			this.taskScheduler = new ConcurrentTaskScheduler(this.localExecutor);
 		}
 		if (this.triggerTasks != null) {
-			for (Map.Entry<Runnable, Trigger> entry : this.triggerTasks.entrySet()) {
+			for (TriggerTask task : triggerTasks) {
-				this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.schedule(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+				this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.schedule(
+						task.getRunnable(), task.getTrigger()));
 			}
 		}
 		if (this.cronTasks != null) {
-			for (Map.Entry<Runnable, String> entry : this.cronTasks.entrySet()) {
+			for (CronTask task : cronTasks) {
-				this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.schedule(entry.getKey(), new CronTrigger(entry.getValue())));
+				this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.schedule(
+						task.getRunnable(), task.getTrigger()));
 			}
 		}
 		if (this.fixedRateTasks != null) {
-			for (Map.Entry<Runnable, Long> entry : this.fixedRateTasks.entrySet()) {
+			for (IntervalTask task : fixedRateTasks) {
-				this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+				if (task.getInitialDelay() > 0) {
+					Date startTime = new Date(now + task.getInitialDelay());
+					this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+							task.getRunnable(), startTime, task.getInterval()));
+				}
+				else {
+					this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+							task.getRunnable(), task.getInterval()));
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		if (this.fixedDelayTasks != null) {
-			for (Map.Entry<Runnable, Long> entry : this.fixedDelayTasks.entrySet()) {
+			for (IntervalTask task : fixedDelayTasks) {
-				this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+				if (task.getInitialDelay() > 0) {
+					Date startTime = new Date(now + task.getInitialDelay());
+					this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+							task.getRunnable(), startTime, task.getInterval()));
+				}
+				else {
+					this.scheduledFutures.add(this.taskScheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
+							task.getRunnable(), task.getInterval()));
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-
 	public void destroy() {
 		for (ScheduledFuture<?> future : this.scheduledFutures) {
 			future.cancel(true);

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,27 +16,29 @@
 
 package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
-import org.w3c.dom.Element;
-import org.w3c.dom.Node;
-import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
-
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.RuntimeBeanReference;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanComponentDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ManagedMap;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ManagedList;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.ParserContext;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
+
 /**
  * Parser for the 'scheduled-tasks' element of the scheduling namespace.
  * 
  * @author Mark Fisher
+ * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 3.0
  */
 public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser {
 
 	private static final String ELEMENT_SCHEDULED = "scheduled";
+	private static final long ZERO_INITIAL_DELAY = 0;
 
 	@Override
 	protected boolean shouldGenerateId() {
@@ -51,10 +53,10 @@ public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefini
 	@Override
 	protected void doParse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext, BeanDefinitionBuilder builder) {
 		builder.setLazyInit(false); // lazy scheduled tasks are a contradiction in terms -> force to false
-		ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, String> cronTaskMap = new ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, String>();
+		ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference> cronTaskList = new ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference>();
-		ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, String> fixedDelayTaskMap = new ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, String>();
+		ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference> fixedDelayTaskList = new ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference>();
-		ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, String> fixedRateTaskMap = new ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, String>();
+		ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference> fixedRateTaskList = new ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference>();
-		ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, RuntimeBeanReference> triggerTaskMap = new ManagedMap<RuntimeBeanReference, RuntimeBeanReference>();
+		ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference> triggerTaskList = new ManagedList<RuntimeBeanReference>();
 		NodeList childNodes = element.getChildNodes();
 		for (int i = 0; i < childNodes.getLength(); i++) {
 			Node child = childNodes.item(i);
@@ -64,55 +66,67 @@ public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefini
 			Element taskElement = (Element) child;
 			String ref = taskElement.getAttribute("ref");
 			String method = taskElement.getAttribute("method");
-			
+
 			// Check that 'ref' and 'method' are specified
 			if (!StringUtils.hasText(ref) || !StringUtils.hasText(method)) {
 				parserContext.getReaderContext().error("Both 'ref' and 'method' are required", taskElement);
 				// Continue with the possible next task element
 				continue;
 			}
-			
-			RuntimeBeanReference runnableBeanRef = new RuntimeBeanReference(
-					createRunnableBean(ref, method, taskElement, parserContext));
 
 			String cronAttribute = taskElement.getAttribute("cron");
 			String fixedDelayAttribute = taskElement.getAttribute("fixed-delay");
 			String fixedRateAttribute = taskElement.getAttribute("fixed-rate");
 			String triggerAttribute = taskElement.getAttribute("trigger");
+			String initialDelayAttribute = taskElement.getAttribute("initial-delay");
 
 			boolean hasCronAttribute = StringUtils.hasText(cronAttribute);
 			boolean hasFixedDelayAttribute = StringUtils.hasText(fixedDelayAttribute);
 			boolean hasFixedRateAttribute = StringUtils.hasText(fixedRateAttribute);
 			boolean hasTriggerAttribute = StringUtils.hasText(triggerAttribute);
+			boolean hasInitialDelayAttribute = StringUtils.hasText(initialDelayAttribute);
 
-			if (!(hasCronAttribute | hasFixedDelayAttribute | hasFixedRateAttribute | hasTriggerAttribute)) {
+			if (!(hasCronAttribute || hasFixedDelayAttribute || hasFixedRateAttribute || hasTriggerAttribute)) {
 				parserContext.getReaderContext().error(
-						"exactly one of the 'cron', 'fixed-delay', 'fixed-rate', or 'trigger' attributes is required", taskElement);
+						"one of the 'cron', 'fixed-delay', 'fixed-rate', or 'trigger' attributes is required", taskElement);
-				// Continue with the possible next task element
+				continue; // with the possible next task element
-				continue;
 			}
 
-			if (hasCronAttribute) {
+			if (hasInitialDelayAttribute && (hasCronAttribute || hasTriggerAttribute)) {
-				cronTaskMap.put(runnableBeanRef, cronAttribute);
+				parserContext.getReaderContext().error(
+						"the 'initial-delay' attribute may not be used with cron and trigger tasks", taskElement);
+				continue; // with the possible next task element
 			}
+
+			String runnableName =
+					runnableReference(ref, method, taskElement, parserContext).getBeanName();
+
 			if (hasFixedDelayAttribute) {
-				fixedDelayTaskMap.put(runnableBeanRef, fixedDelayAttribute);
+				fixedDelayTaskList.add(intervalTaskReference(runnableName,
+						initialDelayAttribute, fixedDelayAttribute, taskElement, parserContext));
 			}
 			if (hasFixedRateAttribute) {
-				fixedRateTaskMap.put(runnableBeanRef, fixedRateAttribute);
+				fixedRateTaskList.add(intervalTaskReference(runnableName,
+						initialDelayAttribute, fixedRateAttribute, taskElement, parserContext));
+			}
+			if (hasCronAttribute) {
+				cronTaskList.add(cronTaskReference(runnableName, cronAttribute,
+						taskElement, parserContext));
 			}
 			if (hasTriggerAttribute) {
-				triggerTaskMap.put(runnableBeanRef, new RuntimeBeanReference(triggerAttribute));
+				String triggerName = new RuntimeBeanReference(triggerAttribute).getBeanName();
+				triggerTaskList.add(triggerTaskReference(runnableName, triggerName,
+						taskElement, parserContext));
 			}
 		}
 		String schedulerRef = element.getAttribute("scheduler");
 		if (StringUtils.hasText(schedulerRef)) {
 			builder.addPropertyReference("taskScheduler", schedulerRef);
 		}
-		builder.addPropertyValue("cronTasks", cronTaskMap);
+		builder.addPropertyValue("cronTasksList", cronTaskList);
-		builder.addPropertyValue("fixedDelayTasks", fixedDelayTaskMap);
+		builder.addPropertyValue("fixedDelayTasksList", fixedDelayTaskList);
-		builder.addPropertyValue("fixedRateTasks", fixedRateTaskMap);
+		builder.addPropertyValue("fixedRateTasksList", fixedRateTaskList);
-		builder.addPropertyValue("triggerTasks", triggerTaskMap);
+		builder.addPropertyValue("triggerTasksList", triggerTaskList);
 	}
 
 	private boolean isScheduledElement(Node node, ParserContext parserContext) {
@@ -120,16 +134,49 @@ public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefini
 				ELEMENT_SCHEDULED.equals(parserContext.getDelegate().getLocalName(node));
 	}
 
-	private String createRunnableBean(String ref, String method, Element taskElement, ParserContext parserContext) {
+	private RuntimeBeanReference runnableReference(String ref, String method, Element taskElement, ParserContext parserContext) {
 		BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(
 				"org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable");
 		builder.addConstructorArgReference(ref);
 		builder.addConstructorArgValue(method);
+		return beanReference(taskElement, parserContext, builder);
+	}
+
+	private RuntimeBeanReference intervalTaskReference(String runnableBeanName,
+			String initialDelay, String interval, Element taskElement, ParserContext parserContext) {
+		BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(
+				"org.springframework.scheduling.config.IntervalTask");
+		builder.addConstructorArgReference(runnableBeanName);
+		builder.addConstructorArgValue(interval);
+		builder.addConstructorArgValue(StringUtils.hasLength(initialDelay) ? initialDelay : ZERO_INITIAL_DELAY);
+		return beanReference(taskElement, parserContext, builder);
+	}
+
+	private RuntimeBeanReference cronTaskReference(String runnableBeanName,
+			String cronExpression, Element taskElement, ParserContext parserContext) {
+		BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(
+				"org.springframework.scheduling.config.CronTask");
+		builder.addConstructorArgReference(runnableBeanName);
+		builder.addConstructorArgValue(cronExpression);
+		return beanReference(taskElement, parserContext, builder);
+	}
+
+	private RuntimeBeanReference triggerTaskReference(String runnableBeanName,
+			String triggerBeanName, Element taskElement, ParserContext parserContext) {
+		BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(
+				"org.springframework.scheduling.config.TriggerTask");
+		builder.addConstructorArgReference(runnableBeanName);
+		builder.addConstructorArgReference(triggerBeanName);
+		return beanReference(taskElement, parserContext, builder);
+	}
+
+	private RuntimeBeanReference beanReference(Element taskElement,
+			ParserContext parserContext, BeanDefinitionBuilder builder) {
 		// Extract the source of the current task
 		builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setSource(parserContext.extractSource(taskElement));
 		String generatedName = parserContext.getReaderContext().generateBeanName(builder.getRawBeanDefinition());
 		parserContext.registerBeanComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(builder.getBeanDefinition(), generatedName));
-		return generatedName;
+		return new RuntimeBeanReference(generatedName);
 	}
 
 }

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/Task.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
+
+/**
+ * Holder class defining a {@code Runnable} to be executed as a task, typically at a
+ * scheduled time or interval. See subclass hierarchy for various scheduling approaches.
+ *
+ * @author Chris Beams
+ * @since 3.2
+ */
+public class Task {
+
+	private final Runnable runnable;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@code Task}.
+	 * @param runnable the underlying task to execute.
+	 */
+	public Task(Runnable runnable) {
+		this.runnable = runnable;
+	}
+
+
+	public Runnable getRunnable() {
+		return runnable;
+	}
+}

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/TriggerTask.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
+
+import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Task} implementation defining a {@code Runnable} to be executed according to a
+ * given {@link Trigger}.
+ *
+ * @author Chris Beams
+ * @since 3.2
+ * @see Trigger#nextExecutionTime(org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext)
+ * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar#setTriggerTasksList(java.util.List)
+ * @see org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler#schedule(Runnable, Trigger)
+ */
+public class TriggerTask extends Task {
+
+	private final Trigger trigger;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Create a new {@link TriggerTask}.
+	 * @param runnable the underlying task to execute
+	 * @param trigger specifies when the task should be executed
+	 */
+	public TriggerTask(Runnable runnable, Trigger trigger) {
+		super(runnable);
+		this.trigger = trigger;
+	}
+
+
+	public Trigger getTrigger() {
+		return trigger;
+	}
+}

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/support/CronSequenceGenerator.java

@@ -339,6 +339,10 @@ public class CronSequenceGenerator {
 		return result;
 	}
 
+	String getExpression() {
+		return this.expression;
+	}
+
 	@Override
 	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 		if (!(obj instanceof CronSequenceGenerator)) {

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/support/CronTrigger.java

@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ public class CronTrigger implements Trigger {
 		return this.sequenceGenerator.next(date);
 	}
 
+	public String getExpression() {
+		return this.sequenceGenerator.getExpression();
+	}
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean equals(Object obj) {

spring-context/src/main/resources/org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd

@@ -229,6 +229,14 @@
  				]]></xsd:documentation>
 			</xsd:annotation>
 		</xsd:attribute>
+		<xsd:attribute name="initial-delay" type="xsd:int" use="optional">
+			<xsd:annotation>
+				<xsd:documentation><![CDATA[
+	Number of milliseconds to delay before the first execution of a 'fixed-rate' or
+	'fixed-delay' task.
+				]]></xsd:documentation>
+			</xsd:annotation>
+		</xsd:attribute>
 		<xsd:attribute name="ref" type="xsd:string" use="required">
 			<xsd:annotation>
 				<xsd:documentation><![CDATA[

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/EnableSchedulingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,15 +16,11 @@
 
 package org.springframework.scheduling.annotation;
 
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThanOrEqualTo;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.startsWith;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
-
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
+
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@@ -32,8 +28,13 @@ import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.config.IntervalTask;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
 /**
  * Tests use of @EnableScheduling on @Configuration classes.
  *
@@ -383,6 +384,45 @@ public class EnableSchedulingTests {
 	}
 
 
+	@Test
+	public void withTaskAddedVia_configureTasks() throws InterruptedException {
+		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+		ctx.register(SchedulingEnabled_withTaskAddedVia_configureTasks.class);
+		ctx.refresh();
+		Thread.sleep(20);
+		ThreadAwareWorker worker = ctx.getBean(ThreadAwareWorker.class);
+		ctx.close();
+		assertThat(worker.executedByThread, startsWith("taskScheduler-"));
+	}
+
+
+	@Configuration
+	@EnableScheduling
+	static class SchedulingEnabled_withTaskAddedVia_configureTasks implements SchedulingConfigurer {
+
+		@Bean
+		public ThreadAwareWorker worker() {
+			return new ThreadAwareWorker();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TaskScheduler taskScheduler() {
+			return new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
+		}
+
+		public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
+			taskRegistrar.setScheduler(taskScheduler());
+			taskRegistrar.addFixedRateTask(new IntervalTask(
+					new Runnable() {
+						public void run() {
+							worker().executedByThread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
+						}
+					},
+					10, 0));
+		}
+	}
+
+
 	@Test
 	public void withTriggerTask() throws InterruptedException {
 		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
@@ -421,4 +461,34 @@ public class EnableSchedulingTests {
 			return scheduler;
 		}
 	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void withInitiallyDelayedFixedRateTask() throws InterruptedException {
+		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+		ctx.register(FixedRateTaskConfig_withInitialDelay.class);
+		ctx.refresh();
+
+		Thread.sleep(1950);
+		AtomicInteger counter = ctx.getBean(AtomicInteger.class);
+		ctx.close();
+
+		assertThat(counter.get(), greaterThan(0)); // the @Scheduled method was called
+		assertThat(counter.get(), lessThanOrEqualTo(10)); // but not more than times the delay allows
+	}
+
+
+	@EnableScheduling @Configuration
+	static class FixedRateTaskConfig_withInitialDelay {
+
+		@Bean
+		public AtomicInteger counter() {
+			return new AtomicInteger();
+		}
+
+		@Scheduled(initialDelay=1000, fixedRate=100)
+		public void task() {
+			counter().incrementAndGet();
+		}
+	}
+
 }

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Properties;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.DirectFieldAccessor;
@@ -34,12 +33,17 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.context.support.StaticApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.config.CronTask;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.config.IntervalTask;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
 /**
  * @author Mark Fisher
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
+ * @author Chris Beams
  */
 public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 
@@ -56,15 +60,18 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, Long> fixedDelayTasks = (Map<Runnable, Long>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<IntervalTask> fixedDelayTasks = (List<IntervalTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedDelayTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, fixedDelayTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) fixedDelayTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		IntervalTask task = fixedDelayTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("fixedDelay", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals(new Long(5000), fixedDelayTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals(0L, task.getInitialDelay());
+		assertEquals(5000L, task.getInterval());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -80,15 +87,45 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, Long> fixedRateTasks = (Map<Runnable, Long>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<IntervalTask> fixedRateTasks = (List<IntervalTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedRateTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, fixedRateTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) fixedRateTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		IntervalTask task = fixedRateTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("fixedRate", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals(new Long(3000), fixedRateTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals(0L, task.getInitialDelay());
+		assertEquals(3000L, task.getInterval());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void fixedRateTaskWithInitialDelay() {
+		StaticApplicationContext context = new StaticApplicationContext();
+		BeanDefinition processorDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
+		BeanDefinition targetDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(
+				ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.FixedRateWithInitialDelayTestBean.class);
+		context.registerBeanDefinition("postProcessor", processorDefinition);
+		context.registerBeanDefinition("target", targetDefinition);
+		context.refresh();
+		Object postProcessor = context.getBean("postProcessor");
+		Object target = context.getBean("target");
+		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
+				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<IntervalTask> fixedRateTasks = (List<IntervalTask>)
+				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedRateTasks");
+		assertEquals(1, fixedRateTasks.size());
+		IntervalTask task = fixedRateTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
+		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
+		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
+		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
+		assertEquals("fixedRate", targetMethod.getName());
+		assertEquals(1000L, task.getInitialDelay());
+		assertEquals(3000L, task.getInterval());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -104,15 +141,17 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks = (Map<Runnable, String>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<CronTask> cronTasks = (List<CronTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("cronTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, cronTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) cronTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		CronTask task = cronTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("cron", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals("*/7 * * * * ?", cronTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals("*/7 * * * * ?", task.getExpression());
 		Thread.sleep(10000);
 	}
 
@@ -129,15 +168,17 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, Long> fixedRateTasks = (Map<Runnable, Long>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<IntervalTask> fixedRateTasks = (List<IntervalTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedRateTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, fixedRateTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) fixedRateTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		IntervalTask task = fixedRateTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("checkForUpdates", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals(new Long(5000), fixedRateTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals(5000L, task.getInterval());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -153,15 +194,17 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks = (Map<Runnable, String>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<CronTask> cronTasks = (List<CronTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("cronTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, cronTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) cronTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		CronTask task = cronTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("generateReport", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals("0 0 * * * ?", cronTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals("0 0 * * * ?", task.getExpression());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -183,15 +226,17 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks = (Map<Runnable, String>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<CronTask> cronTasks = (List<CronTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("cronTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, cronTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) cronTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		CronTask task = cronTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("x", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals(businessHoursCronExpression, cronTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals(businessHoursCronExpression, task.getExpression());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -213,15 +258,17 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		Object target = context.getBean("target");
 		ScheduledTaskRegistrar registrar = (ScheduledTaskRegistrar)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(postProcessor).getPropertyValue("registrar");
-		Map<Runnable, String> cronTasks = (Map<Runnable, String>)
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		List<CronTask> cronTasks = (List<CronTask>)
 				new DirectFieldAccessor(registrar).getPropertyValue("cronTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, cronTasks.size());
-		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) cronTasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		CronTask task = cronTasks.get(0);
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable runnable = (ScheduledMethodRunnable) task.getRunnable();
 		Object targetObject = runnable.getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = runnable.getMethod();
 		assertEquals(target, targetObject);
 		assertEquals("y", targetMethod.getName());
-		assertEquals(businessHoursCronExpression, cronTasks.values().iterator().next());
+		assertEquals(businessHoursCronExpression, task.getExpression());
 	}
 
 	@Test(expected = BeanCreationException.class)
@@ -236,14 +283,19 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
-	public void invalidCron() {
+	public void invalidCron() throws Throwable {
 		StaticApplicationContext context = new StaticApplicationContext();
 		BeanDefinition processorDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
 		BeanDefinition targetDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(
 				ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.InvalidCronTestBean.class);
 		context.registerBeanDefinition("postProcessor", processorDefinition);
 		context.registerBeanDefinition("target", targetDefinition);
-		context.refresh();
+		try {
+			context.refresh();
+			fail("expected exception");
+		} catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
+			throw ex.getRootCause();
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Test(expected = BeanCreationException.class)
@@ -269,7 +321,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	public static class FixedDelayTestBean {
+	static class FixedDelayTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(fixedDelay=5000)
 		public void fixedDelay() {
@@ -277,7 +329,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	public static class FixedRateTestBean {
+	static class FixedRateTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(fixedRate=3000)
 		public void fixedRate() {
@@ -285,7 +337,15 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	public static class CronTestBean {
+	static class FixedRateWithInitialDelayTestBean {
+
+		@Scheduled(initialDelay=1000, fixedRate=3000)
+		public void fixedRate() {
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	static class CronTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(cron="*/7 * * * * ?")
 		public void cron() throws IOException {
@@ -295,7 +355,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	private static class EmptyAnnotationTestBean {
+	static class EmptyAnnotationTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled
 		public void invalid() {
@@ -304,7 +364,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	private static class InvalidCronTestBean {
+	static class InvalidCronTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(cron="abc")
 		public void invalid() {
@@ -313,7 +373,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	private static class NonVoidReturnTypeTestBean {
+	static class NonVoidReturnTypeTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(fixedRate=3000)
 		public String invalid() {
@@ -323,7 +383,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	private static class NonEmptyParamListTestBean {
+	static class NonEmptyParamListTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(fixedRate=3000)
 		public void invalid(String oops) {
@@ -344,7 +404,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	private static @interface Hourly {}
 
 
-	private static class MetaAnnotationFixedRateTestBean {
+	static class MetaAnnotationFixedRateTestBean {
 
 		@EveryFiveSeconds
 		public void checkForUpdates() {
@@ -352,7 +412,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	private static class MetaAnnotationCronTestBean {
+	static class MetaAnnotationCronTestBean {
 
 		@Hourly
 		public void generateReport() {
@@ -360,7 +420,7 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 
-	private static class PropertyPlaceholderTestBean {
+	static class PropertyPlaceholderTestBean {
 
 		@Scheduled(cron = "${schedules.businessHours}")
 		public void x() {
@@ -370,11 +430,11 @@ public class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 
 	@Scheduled(cron = "${schedules.businessHours}")
 	@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
-	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)	
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 	private static @interface BusinessHours {}
 
 
-	private static class PropertyPlaceholderMetaAnnotationTestBean {
+	static class PropertyPlaceholderMetaAnnotationTestBean {
 
 		@BusinessHours
 		public void y() {

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParserTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2011 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
 package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.List;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
@@ -32,8 +30,13 @@ import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext;
 import org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
 /**
  * @author Mark Fisher
+ * @author Chris Beams
  */
 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParserTests {
@@ -63,9 +66,9 @@ public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParserTests {
 
 	@Test
 	public void checkTarget() {
-		Map<Runnable, Long> tasks = (Map<Runnable, Long>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
+		List<IntervalTask> tasks = (List<IntervalTask>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
 				this.registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedRateTasks");
-		Runnable runnable = tasks.keySet().iterator().next();
+		Runnable runnable = tasks.get(0).getRunnable();
 		assertEquals(ScheduledMethodRunnable.class, runnable.getClass());
 		Object targetObject = ((ScheduledMethodRunnable) runnable).getTarget();
 		Method targetMethod = ((ScheduledMethodRunnable) runnable).getMethod();
@@ -75,39 +78,39 @@ public class ScheduledTasksBeanDefinitionParserTests {
 
 	@Test
 	public void fixedRateTasks() {
-		Map<Runnable, Long> tasks = (Map<Runnable, Long>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
+		List<IntervalTask> tasks = (List<IntervalTask>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
 				this.registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedRateTasks");
-		assertEquals(2, tasks.size());
+		assertEquals(3, tasks.size());
-		Collection<Long> values = tasks.values();
+		assertEquals(1000L, tasks.get(0).getInterval());
-		assertTrue(values.contains(new Long(1000)));
+		assertEquals(2000L, tasks.get(1).getInterval());
-		assertTrue(values.contains(new Long(2000)));
+		assertEquals(4000L, tasks.get(2).getInterval());
+		assertEquals(500, tasks.get(2).getInitialDelay());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void fixedDelayTasks() {
-		Map<Runnable, Long> tasks = (Map<Runnable, Long>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
+		List<IntervalTask> tasks = (List<IntervalTask>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
 				this.registrar).getPropertyValue("fixedDelayTasks");
-		assertEquals(1, tasks.size());
+		assertEquals(2, tasks.size());
-		Long value = tasks.values().iterator().next();
+		assertEquals(3000L, tasks.get(0).getInterval());
-		assertEquals(new Long(3000), value);
+		assertEquals(3500L, tasks.get(1).getInterval());
+		assertEquals(250, tasks.get(1).getInitialDelay());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void cronTasks() {
-		Map<Runnable, String> tasks = (Map<Runnable, String>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
+		List<CronTask> tasks = (List<CronTask>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
 				this.registrar).getPropertyValue("cronTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, tasks.size());
-		String expression = tasks.values().iterator().next();
+		assertEquals("*/4 * 9-17 * * MON-FRI", tasks.get(0).getExpression());
-		assertEquals("*/4 * 9-17 * * MON-FRI", expression);		
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void triggerTasks() {
-		Map<Runnable, Trigger> tasks = (Map<Runnable, Trigger>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
+		List<TriggerTask> tasks = (List<TriggerTask>) new DirectFieldAccessor(
 				this.registrar).getPropertyValue("triggerTasks");
 		assertEquals(1, tasks.size());
-		Trigger trigger = tasks.values().iterator().next();
+		assertThat(tasks.get(0).getTrigger(), instanceOf(TestTrigger.class));
-		assertEquals(TestTrigger.class, trigger.getClass());		
 	}
 
 

spring-context/src/test/resources/org/springframework/scheduling/config/scheduledTasksContext.xml

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
 		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" fixed-rate="1000"/>
 		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" fixed-rate="2000"/>
 		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" fixed-delay="3000"/>
+		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" fixed-delay="3500" initial-delay="250"/>
 		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" cron="*/4 * 9-17 * * MON-FRI"/>
 		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" trigger="customTrigger"/>
+		<task:scheduled ref="testBean" method="test" fixed-rate="4000" initial-delay="500"/>
 	</task:scheduled-tasks>
 
 	<task:scheduler id="testScheduler"/>

src/dist/changelog.txt

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Changes in version 3.2 M1
 * add required flag to @RequestBody annotation
 * support executor qualification with @Async#value (SPR-6847)
 * add convenient WebAppInitializer base classes (SPR-9300)
+* support initial delay attribute for scheduled tasks (SPR-7022)
 
 Changes in version 3.1.1 (2012-02-16)
 -------------------------------------

src/reference/docbook/scheduling.xml

@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ public class TaskExecutorExample {
       example.</para>
 
       <programlisting language="xml">&lt;task:scheduled-tasks scheduler="myScheduler"&gt;
-    &lt;task:scheduled ref="someObject" method="someMethod" fixed-delay="5000"/&gt;
+    &lt;task:scheduled ref="beanA" method="methodA" fixed-delay="5000"/&gt;
 &lt;/task:scheduled-tasks&gt;
 
 &lt;task:scheduler id="myScheduler" pool-size="10"/&gt;</programlisting>
@@ -480,13 +480,19 @@ public class TaskExecutorExample {
       <para>As you can see, the scheduler is referenced by the outer element,
       and each individual task includes the configuration of its trigger
       metadata. In the preceding example, that metadata defines a periodic
-      trigger with a fixed delay. It could also be configured with a
+      trigger with a fixed delay indicating the number of milliseconds to wait
-      "fixed-rate", or for more control, a "cron" attribute could be provided
+      after each task execution has completed. Another option is 'fixed-rate',
-      instead. Here's an example featuring these other options.</para>
+      indicating how often the method should be executed regardless of how long
+      any previous execution takes. Additionally, for both fixed-delay and
+      fixed-rate tasks an 'initial-delay' parameter may be specified indicating
+      the number of milliseconds to wait before the first execution of the
+      method. For more control, a "cron" attribute may be provided instead.
+      Here is an example demonstrating these other options.</para>
 
       <programlisting language="xml">&lt;task:scheduled-tasks scheduler="myScheduler"&gt;
-    &lt;task:scheduled ref="someObject" method="someMethod" fixed-rate="5000"/&gt;
+    &lt;task:scheduled ref="beanA" method="methodA" fixed-delay="5000" initial-delay="1000"/&gt;
-    &lt;task:scheduled ref="anotherObject" method="anotherMethod" cron="*/5 * * * * MON-FRI"/&gt;
+    &lt;task:scheduled ref="beanB" method="methodB" fixed-rate="5000"/&gt;
+    &lt;task:scheduled ref="beanC" method="methodC" cron="*/5 * * * * MON-FRI"/&gt;
 &lt;/task:scheduled-tasks&gt;
 
 &lt;task:scheduler id="myScheduler" pool-size="10"/&gt;</programlisting>
@@ -523,6 +529,16 @@ public void doSomething() {
     // something that should execute periodically
 }</programlisting>
 
+      <para>For fixed-delay and fixed-rate tasks, an initial delay may be
+      specified indicating the number of milliseconds to wait before the first
+      execution of the method.
+      </para>
+
+      <programlisting language="java">@Scheduled(initialDelay=1000, fixedRate=5000)
+public void doSomething() {
+    // something that should execute periodically
+}</programlisting>
+
       <para>If simple periodic scheduling is not expressive enough, then a
       cron expression may be provided. For example, the following will only
       execute on weekdays.</para>