diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtils.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtils.java
index 19623076032..8e8affbd8b7 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtils.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtils.java
@@ -1486,6 +1486,7 @@ public abstract class AnnotationUtils {
 	 * it will be cast to an {@code AnnotationConfigurationException} and thrown,
 	 * allowing it to propagate to the caller.
 	 * <p>Otherwise, this method does nothing.
+	 * @param t the throwable to inspect
 	 * @since 4.2
 	 */
 	static void rethrowAnnotationConfigurationException(Throwable t) {
@@ -1621,6 +1622,7 @@ public abstract class AnnotationUtils {
 				return synthesizedAnnotations;
 			}
 			catch (Exception ex) {
+				rethrowAnnotationConfigurationException(ex);
 				// Unable to read value from repeating annotation container -> ignore it.
 				return Collections.emptyList();
 			}
diff --git a/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtilsTests.java b/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtilsTests.java
index a23c48380e3..b35f57d8ee8 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtilsTests.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/annotation/AnnotationUtilsTests.java
@@ -504,6 +504,15 @@ public class AnnotationUtilsTests {
 		assertThat(values, equalTo(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "meta")));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void getRepeatableWithMissingAttributeAliasDeclaration() throws Exception {
+		exception.expect(AnnotationConfigurationException.class);
+		exception.expectMessage(containsString("Attribute [value] in"));
+		exception.expectMessage(containsString(BrokenContextConfig.class.getName()));
+		exception.expectMessage(containsString("must be declared as an @AliasFor [locations]"));
+		getRepeatableAnnotation(BrokenConfigHierarchyTestCase.class, BrokenHierarchy.class, BrokenContextConfig.class);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void getRepeatableWithAttributeAliases() throws Exception {
 		Set<ContextConfig> annotations = getRepeatableAnnotation(ConfigHierarchyTestCase.class, Hierarchy.class,
@@ -1261,19 +1270,38 @@ public class AnnotationUtilsTests {
 		String locations() default "";
 	}
 
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@interface BrokenContextConfig {
+
+		// Intentionally missing:
+		// @AliasFor(attribute = "locations")
+		String value() default "";
+
+		@AliasFor(attribute = "value")
+		String locations() default "";
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Mock of {@code org.springframework.test.context.ContextHierarchy}.
 	 */
 	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 	@interface Hierarchy {
-
 		ContextConfig[] value();
 	}
 
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@interface BrokenHierarchy {
+		BrokenContextConfig[] value();
+	}
+
 	@Hierarchy({ @ContextConfig("A"), @ContextConfig(locations = "B") })
 	static class ConfigHierarchyTestCase {
 	}
 
+	@BrokenHierarchy(@BrokenContextConfig)
+	static class BrokenConfigHierarchyTestCase {
+	}
+
 	@ContextConfig("simple.xml")
 	static class SimpleConfigTestCase {
 	}