diff --git a/spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListener.java b/spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListener.java
index e299d7931..2cbe4f03d 100644
--- a/spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListener.java
+++ b/spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListener.java
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.observability;
 
+import io.micrometer.observation.Observation;
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry;
+import io.micrometer.observation.contextpropagation.ObservationThreadLocalAccessor;
+
 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
@@ -27,10 +31,6 @@ import com.mongodb.event.CommandListener;
 import com.mongodb.event.CommandStartedEvent;
 import com.mongodb.event.CommandSucceededEvent;
 
-import io.micrometer.observation.Observation;
-import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry;
-import io.micrometer.observation.contextpropagation.ObservationThreadLocalAccessor;
-
 /**
  * Implement MongoDB's {@link CommandListener} using Micrometer's {@link Observation} API.
  *
@@ -133,11 +133,10 @@ public class MongoObservationCommandListener implements CommandListener {
 		}
 
 		Observation observation = requestContext.getOrDefault(ObservationThreadLocalAccessor.KEY, null);
-		if (observation == null) {
+		if (observation == null || !(observation.getContext()instanceof MongoHandlerContext context)) {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		MongoHandlerContext context = (MongoHandlerContext) observation.getContext();
 		context.setCommandSucceededEvent(event);
 
 		if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
@@ -157,11 +156,10 @@ public class MongoObservationCommandListener implements CommandListener {
 		}
 
 		Observation observation = requestContext.getOrDefault(ObservationThreadLocalAccessor.KEY, null);
-		if (observation == null) {
+		if (observation == null || !(observation.getContext()instanceof MongoHandlerContext context)) {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		MongoHandlerContext context = (MongoHandlerContext) observation.getContext();
 		context.setCommandFailedEvent(event);
 
 		if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
diff --git a/spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListenerTests.java b/spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListenerTests.java
index 8d7826453..9efc72683 100644
--- a/spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListenerTests.java
+++ b/spring-data-mongodb/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/observability/MongoObservationCommandListenerTests.java
@@ -16,6 +16,15 @@
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.observability;
 
 import static io.micrometer.core.tck.MeterRegistryAssert.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import io.micrometer.common.KeyValues;
+import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;
+import io.micrometer.core.instrument.observation.DefaultMeterObservationHandler;
+import io.micrometer.core.instrument.simple.SimpleMeterRegistry;
+import io.micrometer.observation.Observation;
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry;
+import io.micrometer.observation.contextpropagation.ObservationThreadLocalAccessor;
 
 import org.bson.BsonDocument;
 import org.bson.BsonString;
@@ -33,18 +42,12 @@ import com.mongodb.event.CommandFailedEvent;
 import com.mongodb.event.CommandStartedEvent;
 import com.mongodb.event.CommandSucceededEvent;
 
-import io.micrometer.common.KeyValues;
-import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;
-import io.micrometer.core.instrument.observation.DefaultMeterObservationHandler;
-import io.micrometer.core.instrument.simple.SimpleMeterRegistry;
-import io.micrometer.observation.Observation;
-import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry;
-
 /**
  * Series of test cases exercising {@link MongoObservationCommandListener}.
  *
  * @author Marcin Grzejszczak
  * @author Greg Turnquist
+ * @author Mark Paluch
  */
 class MongoObservationCommandListenerTests {
 
@@ -176,6 +179,38 @@ class MongoObservationCommandListenerTests {
 		assertThatTimerRegisteredWithTags();
 	}
 
+	@Test // GH-4481
+	void completionShouldIgnoreIncompatibleObservationContext() {
+
+		// given
+		RequestContext traceRequestContext = getContext();
+
+		Observation observation = mock(Observation.class);
+		traceRequestContext.put(ObservationThreadLocalAccessor.KEY, observation);
+
+		// when
+		listener.commandSucceeded(new CommandSucceededEvent(traceRequestContext, 0, null, "insert", null, 0));
+
+		verify(observation).getContext();
+		verifyNoMoreInteractions(observation);
+	}
+
+	@Test // GH-4481
+	void failureShouldIgnoreIncompatibleObservationContext() {
+
+		// given
+		RequestContext traceRequestContext = getContext();
+
+		Observation observation = mock(Observation.class);
+		traceRequestContext.put(ObservationThreadLocalAccessor.KEY, observation);
+
+		// when
+		listener.commandFailed(new CommandFailedEvent(traceRequestContext, 0, null, "insert", 0, null));
+
+		verify(observation).getContext();
+		verifyNoMoreInteractions(observation);
+	}
+
 	private RequestContext getContext() {
 		return ((SynchronousContextProvider) ContextProviderFactory.create(observationRegistry)).getContext();
 	}