diff --git a/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor.java b/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor.java
index 053230c7a..9036e6beb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package org.springframework.data.repository.core.support;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ public class EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implements RepositoryPr
 				return result;
 			}
 
-			Iterable<?> arguments = asCollection(invocation.getArguments()[0], invocation.getMethod());
+			Iterable<?> arguments = asIterable(invocation.getArguments()[0], invocation.getMethod());
 
 			eventMethod.publishEventsFrom(arguments, publisher);
 
@@ -144,6 +145,9 @@ public class EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implements RepositoryPr
 		private static Map<Class<?>, EventPublishingMethod> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>();
 		private static @SuppressWarnings("null") EventPublishingMethod NONE = new EventPublishingMethod(Object.class, null,
 				null);
+		private static String ILLEGAL_MODIFCATION = "Aggregate's events were modified during event publication. "
+				+ "Make sure event listeners obtain a fresh instance of the aggregate before adding further events. "
+				+ "Additional events found: %s.";
 
 		private final Class<?> type;
 		private final Method publishingMethod;
@@ -188,7 +192,11 @@ public class EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implements RepositoryPr
 		 * @param aggregates can be {@literal null}.
 		 * @param publisher must not be {@literal null}.
 		 */
-		public void publishEventsFrom(Iterable<?> aggregates, ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) {
+		public void publishEventsFrom(@Nullable Iterable<?> aggregates, ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) {
+
+			if (aggregates == null) {
+				return;
+			}
 
 			for (Object aggregateRoot : aggregates) {
 
@@ -196,10 +204,21 @@ public class EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implements RepositoryPr
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				for (Object event : asCollection(ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(publishingMethod, aggregateRoot), null)) {
+				var events = asCollection(ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(publishingMethod, aggregateRoot));
+
+				for (Object event : events) {
 					publisher.publishEvent(event);
 				}
 
+				var postPublication = asCollection(ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(publishingMethod, aggregateRoot));
+
+				if (events.size() != postPublication.size()) {
+
+					postPublication.removeAll(events);
+
+					throw new IllegalStateException(ILLEGAL_MODIFCATION.formatted(postPublication));
+				}
+
 				if (clearingMethod != null) {
 					ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(clearingMethod, aggregateRoot);
 				}
@@ -272,23 +291,34 @@ public class EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implements RepositoryPr
 	 * one-element collection, {@literal null} will become an empty collection.
 	 *
 	 * @param source can be {@literal null}.
-	 * @return
+	 * @return will never be {@literal null}.
 	 */
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	private static Iterable<Object> asCollection(@Nullable Object source, @Nullable Method method) {
+	private static Collection<Object> asCollection(@Nullable Object source) {
 
 		if (source == null) {
 			return Collections.emptyList();
 		}
 
-		if (method != null && method.getName().startsWith("saveAll")) {
-			return (Iterable<Object>) source;
-		}
-
 		if (Collection.class.isInstance(source)) {
-			return (Collection<Object>) source;
+			return new ArrayList<>((Collection<Object>) source);
 		}
 
 		return Collections.singletonList(source);
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the given source object as {@link Iterable}.
+	 *
+	 * @param source can be {@literal null}.
+	 * @return will never be {@literal null}.
+	 */
+	@Nullable
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	private static Iterable<Object> asIterable(@Nullable Object source, @Nullable Method method) {
+
+		return method != null && method.getName().startsWith("saveAll")
+				? (Iterable<Object>) source
+				: asCollection(source);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessorUnitTests.java b/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessorUnitTests.java
index 9c5e1efa9..30fbc4bfb 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessorUnitTests.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/repository/core/support/EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessorUnitTests.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.*;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -324,6 +325,32 @@ class EventPublishingRepositoryProxyPostProcessorUnitTests {
 		verify(publisher, never()).publishEvent(any());
 	}
 
+	@Test // GH-3116
+	void rejectsEventAddedDuringProcessing() throws Throwable {
+
+		var originalEvent = new SomeEvent();
+		var eventToBeAdded = new SomeEvent();
+
+		var events = new ArrayList<Object>();
+		events.add(originalEvent);
+
+		var aggregate = MultipleEvents.of(events);
+
+		doAnswer(invocation -> {
+
+			events.add(eventToBeAdded);
+			return null;
+
+		}).when(publisher).publishEvent(any(Object.class));
+
+		var method = EventPublishingMethod.of(MultipleEvents.class);
+
+		assertThatIllegalStateException()
+				.isThrownBy(() -> method.publishEventsFrom(List.of(aggregate), publisher))
+				.withMessageContaining(eventToBeAdded.toString())
+				.withMessageNotContaining(originalEvent.toString());
+	}
+
 	private static void mockInvocation(MethodInvocation invocation, Method method, Object parameterAndReturnValue)
 			throws Throwable {