diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHook.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHook.java
index b609a931574..8e5e4ad3a34 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHook.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHook.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package org.springframework.boot;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
@@ -104,16 +103,16 @@ class SpringApplicationShutdownHook implements Runnable {
 	public void run() {
 		Set<ConfigurableApplicationContext> contexts;
 		Set<ConfigurableApplicationContext> closedContexts;
-		Set<Runnable> actions;
+		Set<Handler> handlers;
 		synchronized (SpringApplicationShutdownHook.class) {
 			this.inProgress = true;
 			contexts = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.contexts);
 			closedContexts = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.closedContexts);
-			actions = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.handlers.getActions());
+			handlers = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.handlers.getActions());
 		}
 		contexts.forEach(this::closeAndWait);
 		closedContexts.forEach(this::closeAndWait);
-		actions.forEach(Runnable::run);
+		handlers.forEach(Handler::run);
 	}
 
 	boolean isApplicationContextRegistered(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ class SpringApplicationShutdownHook implements Runnable {
 	 */
 	private final class Handlers implements SpringApplicationShutdownHandlers, Runnable {
 
-		private final Set<Runnable> actions = Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<>());
+		private final Set<Handler> actions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
 
 		@Override
 		public void add(Runnable action) {
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class SpringApplicationShutdownHook implements Runnable {
 			addRuntimeShutdownHookIfNecessary();
 			synchronized (SpringApplicationShutdownHook.class) {
 				assertNotInProgress();
-				this.actions.add(action);
+				this.actions.add(new Handler(action));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -188,11 +187,11 @@ class SpringApplicationShutdownHook implements Runnable {
 			Assert.notNull(action, "Action must not be null");
 			synchronized (SpringApplicationShutdownHook.class) {
 				assertNotInProgress();
-				this.actions.remove(action);
+				this.actions.remove(new Handler(action));
 			}
 		}
 
-		Set<Runnable> getActions() {
+		Set<Handler> getActions() {
 			return this.actions;
 		}
 
@@ -204,6 +203,36 @@ class SpringApplicationShutdownHook implements Runnable {
 
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * A single handler that uses object identity for {@link #equals(Object)} and
+	 * {@link #hashCode()}.
+	 *
+	 * @param runnable the handler runner
+	 */
+	record Handler(Runnable runnable) {
+
+		@Override
+		public int hashCode() {
+			return System.identityHashCode(this.runnable);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+			if (this == obj) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			return this.runnable == ((Handler) obj).runnable;
+		}
+
+		void run() {
+			this.runnable.run();
+		}
+
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * {@link ApplicationListener} to track closed contexts.
 	 */
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHookTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHookTests.java
index 0d821496e30..4d4d56947d7 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHookTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplicationShutdownHookTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 import org.awaitility.Awaitility;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalArgumentException;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link SpringApplicationShutdownHook}.
@@ -203,6 +206,23 @@ class SpringApplicationShutdownHookTests {
 		assertThat(shutdownHook.isApplicationContextRegistered(context)).isFalse();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void handlersRunInDeterministicOrder() {
+		TestSpringApplicationShutdownHook shutdownHook = new TestSpringApplicationShutdownHook();
+		Runnable r1 = mock(Runnable.class);
+		Runnable r2 = mock(Runnable.class);
+		Runnable r3 = mock(Runnable.class);
+		shutdownHook.getHandlers().add(r2);
+		shutdownHook.getHandlers().add(r1);
+		shutdownHook.getHandlers().add(r3);
+		shutdownHook.run();
+		InOrder ordered = inOrder(r1, r2, r3);
+		ordered.verify(r2).run();
+		ordered.verify(r1).run();
+		ordered.verify(r3).run();
+		ordered.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+	}
+
 	static class TestSpringApplicationShutdownHook extends SpringApplicationShutdownHook {
 
 		private boolean runtimeShutdownHookAdded;