Set environment active profiles according to processing order

Fixes gh-13965

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListener.java

@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ public class ConfigFileApplicationListener
 						addToLoaded(MutablePropertySources::addLast, false));
 				this.processedProfiles.add(profile);
 			}
+			resetEnvironmentProfiles(this.processedProfiles);
 			load(null, this::getNegativeProfileFilter,
 					addToLoaded(MutablePropertySources::addFirst, true));
 			addLoadedPropertySources();
@@ -673,6 +674,21 @@ public class ConfigFileApplicationListener
 			return new LinkedHashSet<>(list);
 		}
 
+		/**
+		 * This ensures that the order of active profiles in the {@link Environment}
+		 * matches the order in which the profiles were processed.
+		 * @param processedProfiles the processed profiles
+		 */
+		private void resetEnvironmentProfiles(List<Profile> processedProfiles) {
+			String[] names = processedProfiles.stream().filter((profile) -> {
+				if (profile != null && !profile.isDefaultProfile()) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				return false;
+			}).map(Profile::getName).toArray(String[]::new);
+			this.environment.setActiveProfiles(names);
+		}
+
 		private void addLoadedPropertySources() {
 			MutablePropertySources destination = this.environment.getPropertySources();
 			List<MutablePropertySources> loaded = new ArrayList<>(this.loaded.values());

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests.java

@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ public class ConfigFileApplicationListenerTests {
 		TestPropertySourceUtils.addInlinedPropertiesToEnvironment(this.environment,
 				"spring.profiles.active=dev", "spring.profiles.include=other");
 		this.initializer.postProcessEnvironment(this.environment, this.application);
-		assertThat(this.environment.getActiveProfiles()).contains("dev", "other");
+		assertThat(this.environment.getActiveProfiles()).containsExactly("other", "dev");
 		assertThat(this.environment.getProperty("my.property"))
 				.isEqualTo("fromdevpropertiesfile");
 		validateProfilePrecedence(null, "other", "dev");

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigFileApplicationListenerYamlProfileNegationTests.java

@@ -116,6 +116,20 @@ public class ConfigFileApplicationListenerYamlProfileNegationTests {
 		assertThat(this.context.getEnvironment().getProperty("not-e")).isNull();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	public void yamlProfileCascadingMultipleActiveProfilesViaPropertiesShouldPreserveOrder() {
+		SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Config.class);
+		application.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.NONE);
+		String configName = "--spring.config.name=cascadingprofiles";
+		this.context = application.run(configName, "--spring.profiles.active=A,B");
+		assertVersionProperty(this.context, "D", "A", "C", "E", "B", "D");
+		assertThat(this.context.getEnvironment().getProperty("not-a")).isNull();
+		assertThat(this.context.getEnvironment().getProperty("not-b")).isNull();
+		assertThat(this.context.getEnvironment().getProperty("not-c")).isNull();
+		assertThat(this.context.getEnvironment().getProperty("not-d")).isNull();
+		assertThat(this.context.getEnvironment().getProperty("not-e")).isNull();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	public void yamlProfileCascadingOverrideProfilesB() {
 		SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(Config.class);