Convert environment used by SpringBootTestContextLoader

This commit aligns `SpringBootTest`s to also use `ApplicationEnvironment`
instead of `StandardEnvironment`. This prevents the side-effect of active
profiles from `@ActiveProfiles` from being added to the environment when
doGetActiveProfiles is called. In this case, calling `addActiveProfiles()`
in the environment post processor would result in `@ActiveProfiles` being
added to the environment first, resulting in the wrong order.

The additional call to `setActiveProfiles()` is also not necessary when using
ApplicationEnvironment because that call was put in place to prevent the side-effect
which `ApplicationEnvironment` does not have.

Fixes gh-28530

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/SpringBootContextLoader.java

@@ -91,16 +91,6 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader {
 		application.setMainApplicationClass(config.getTestClass());
 		application.addPrimarySources(Arrays.asList(configClasses));
 		application.getSources().addAll(Arrays.asList(configLocations));
-		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getEnvironment();
-		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(config.getActiveProfiles())) {
-			setActiveProfiles(environment, config.getActiveProfiles());
-		}
-		ResourceLoader resourceLoader = (application.getResourceLoader() != null) ? application.getResourceLoader()
-				: new DefaultResourceLoader(null);
-		TestPropertySourceUtils.addPropertiesFilesToEnvironment(environment, resourceLoader,
-				config.getPropertySourceLocations());
-		TestPropertySourceUtils.addInlinedPropertiesToEnvironment(environment, getInlinedProperties(config));
-		application.setEnvironment(environment);
 		List<ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> initializers = getInitializers(config, application);
 		if (config instanceof WebMergedContextConfiguration) {
 			application.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.SERVLET);
@@ -119,10 +109,40 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader {
 			application.setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.NONE);
 		}
 		application.setInitializers(initializers);
+		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getEnvironment(application, config.getActiveProfiles());
+		ResourceLoader resourceLoader = (application.getResourceLoader() != null) ? application.getResourceLoader()
+				: new DefaultResourceLoader(null);
+		TestPropertySourceUtils.addPropertiesFilesToEnvironment(environment, resourceLoader,
+				config.getPropertySourceLocations());
+		TestPropertySourceUtils.addInlinedPropertiesToEnvironment(environment, getInlinedProperties(config));
+		application.setEnvironment(environment);
 		String[] args = SpringBootTestArgs.get(config.getContextCustomizers());
 		return application.run(args);
 	}
 
+	private ConfigurableEnvironment getEnvironment(SpringApplication application, String[] activeProfiles) {
+		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getEnvironment();
+		boolean applicationEnvironment = false;
+		if (environment.getClass() == StandardEnvironment.class) {
+			environment = application.convertEnvironment(environment);
+			applicationEnvironment = true;
+		}
+		setActiveProfiles(environment, activeProfiles, applicationEnvironment);
+		return environment;
+	}
+
+	private void setActiveProfiles(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] profiles,
+			boolean applicationEnvironment) {
+		if (!applicationEnvironment) {
+			environment.setActiveProfiles(profiles);
+		}
+		String[] pairs = new String[profiles.length];
+		for (int i = 0; i < profiles.length; i++) {
+			pairs[i] = "spring.profiles.active[" + i + "]=" + profiles[i];
+		}
+		TestPropertyValues.of(pairs).applyTo(environment);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Builds new {@link org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication} instance. You can
 	 * override this method to add custom behavior
@@ -141,16 +161,6 @@ public class SpringBootContextLoader extends AbstractContextLoader {
 		return new StandardEnvironment();
 	}
 
-	private void setActiveProfiles(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] profiles) {
-		environment.setActiveProfiles(profiles);
-		// Also add as properties to override any application.properties
-		String[] pairs = new String[profiles.length];
-		for (int i = 0; i < profiles.length; i++) {
-			pairs[i] = "spring.profiles.active[" + i + "]=" + profiles[i];
-		}
-		TestPropertyValues.of(pairs).applyTo(environment);
-	}
-
 	protected String[] getInlinedProperties(MergedContextConfiguration config) {
 		ArrayList<String> properties = new ArrayList<>();
 		// JMX bean names will clash if the same bean is used in multiple contexts

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/test/context/SpringBootTestWithCustomEnvironmentTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.boot.test.context;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
+import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
+import org.springframework.mock.env.MockEnvironment;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for {@link SpringBootTest @SpringBootTest} with a custom
+ * {@link Environment}.
+ *
+ * @author Madhura Bhave
+ */
+@SpringBootTest
+@ActiveProfiles({ "test1", "test2" })
+@ContextConfiguration(loader = SpringBootTestWithCustomEnvironmentTests.Loader.class)
+class SpringBootTestWithCustomEnvironmentTests {
+
+	@Autowired
+	private Environment environment;
+
+	@Test
+	void getActiveProfiles() {
+		assertThat(this.environment).isInstanceOf(MockEnvironment.class);
+		assertThat(this.environment.getActiveProfiles()).containsOnly("test1", "test2");
+	}
+
+	@Configuration
+	static class Config {
+
+	}
+
+	static class Loader extends SpringBootContextLoader {
+
+		@Override
+		protected ConfigurableEnvironment getEnvironment() {
+			return new MockEnvironment();
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/SpringApplication.java

@@ -377,13 +377,24 @@ public class SpringApplication {
 				"Environment prefix cannot be set via properties.");
 		bindToSpringApplication(environment);
 		if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
-			environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,
-					deduceEnvironmentClass());
+			environment = convertEnvironment(environment);
 		}
 		ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
 		return environment;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Convert the given {@link ConfigurableEnvironment environment} to an application
+	 * environment that doesn't attempt to resolve profile properties directly.
+	 * @param environment the environment to convert
+	 * @return the converted environment
+	 * @since 2.5.7
+	 */
+	public StandardEnvironment convertEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
+		return new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,
+				deduceEnvironmentClass());
+	}
+
 	private Class<? extends StandardEnvironment> deduceEnvironmentClass() {
 		switch (this.webApplicationType) {
 		case SERVLET:

spring-boot-tests/spring-boot-smoke-tests/spring-boot-smoke-test-profile/src/main/java/smoketest/profile/ActiveProfilesEnvironmentPostProcessor.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package smoketest.profile;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor;
+import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
+import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
+
+/**
+ * {@link EnvironmentPostProcessor} that adds an active profile.
+ *
+ * @author Madhura Bhave
+ */
+@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
+class ActiveProfilesEnvironmentPostProcessor implements EnvironmentPostProcessor {
+
+	@Override
+	public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplication application) {
+		if (environment.getProperty("enableEnvironmentPostProcessor") != null) {
+			environment.addActiveProfile("dev");
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-boot-tests/spring-boot-smoke-tests/spring-boot-smoke-test-profile/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
+smoketest.profile.ActiveProfilesEnvironmentPostProcessor

spring-boot-tests/spring-boot-smoke-tests/spring-boot-smoke-test-profile/src/test/java/smoketest/profile/ActiveProfilesTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2021 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package smoketest.profile;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Tests that profiles are activited in the correct order from an
+ * {@link EnvironmentPostProcessor}.
+ *
+ * @author Madhura Bhave
+ */
+@SpringBootTest(properties = "enableEnvironmentPostProcessor=true") // gh-28530
+@ActiveProfiles("hello")
+class ActiveProfilesTests {
+
+	@Autowired
+	private Environment environment;
+
+	@Test
+	void activeProfileShouldTakePrecedenceOverProgrammaticallySetProfile() {
+		assertThat(this.environment.getActiveProfiles()).containsExactly("dev", "hello");
+	}
+
+}