Add checks for factories files

META-INF/spring.factories and META-INF/spring/aot.factories in the
main source set are now checked. The checks verify that:

- Each class listed in the values exists in the source set's output
- The classes are listed alphabetically
- Nested classes are identified using their binary name

Closes gh-44676

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/build/JavaConventions.java

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import io.spring.javaformat.gradle.tasks.CheckFormat;
 import io.spring.javaformat.gradle.tasks.Format;
 import org.gradle.api.JavaVersion;
 import org.gradle.api.Project;
+import org.gradle.api.Task;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.ConfigurationContainer;
 import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Dependency;
@@ -54,6 +55,8 @@ import org.gradle.external.javadoc.CoreJavadocOptions;
 import org.springframework.boot.build.architecture.ArchitecturePlugin;
 import org.springframework.boot.build.classpath.CheckClasspathForProhibitedDependencies;
 import org.springframework.boot.build.optional.OptionalDependenciesPlugin;
+import org.springframework.boot.build.springframework.CheckAotFactories;
+import org.springframework.boot.build.springframework.CheckSpringFactories;
 import org.springframework.boot.build.testing.TestFailuresPlugin;
 import org.springframework.boot.build.toolchain.ToolchainPlugin;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
@@ -98,6 +101,19 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  * <li>{@code Implementation-Version}
  * </ul>
  * <li>{@code spring-boot-parent} is used for dependency management</li>
+ * <li>Additional checks are configured:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>For all source sets:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>Prohibited dependencies on the compile classpath
+ * <li>Prohibited dependencies on the runtime classpath
+ * </ul>
+ * <li>For the {@code main} source set:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>{@code META-INF/spring/aot.factories}
+ * <li>{@code META-INF/spring.factories}
+ * </ul>
+ * </ul>
  * </ul>
  *
  * <p/>
@@ -123,6 +139,7 @@ class JavaConventions {
 			configureDependencyManagement(project);
 			configureToolchain(project);
 			configureProhibitedDependencyChecks(project);
+			configureFactoriesFilesChecks(project);
 		});
 	}
 
@@ -304,4 +321,26 @@ class JavaConventions {
 		project.getTasks().getByName(JavaBasePlugin.CHECK_TASK_NAME).dependsOn(checkClasspathForProhibitedDependencies);
 	}
 
+	private void configureFactoriesFilesChecks(Project project) {
+		SourceSetContainer sourceSets = project.getExtensions().getByType(JavaPluginExtension.class).getSourceSets();
+		sourceSets.matching((sourceSet) -> SourceSet.MAIN_SOURCE_SET_NAME.equals(sourceSet.getName()))
+			.configureEach((main) -> {
+				TaskProvider<Task> check = project.getTasks().named(JavaBasePlugin.CHECK_TASK_NAME);
+				TaskProvider<CheckAotFactories> checkAotFactories = project.getTasks()
+					.register("checkAotFactories", CheckAotFactories.class, (task) -> {
+						task.setSource(main.getResources());
+						task.setClasspath(main.getOutput().getClassesDirs());
+						task.setDescription("Checks the META-INF/spring/aot.factories file of the main source set.");
+					});
+				check.configure((task) -> task.dependsOn(checkAotFactories));
+				TaskProvider<CheckSpringFactories> checkSpringFactories = project.getTasks()
+					.register("checkSpringFactories", CheckSpringFactories.class, (task) -> {
+						task.setSource(main.getResources());
+						task.setClasspath(main.getOutput().getClassesDirs());
+						task.setDescription("Checks the META-INF/spring.factories file of the main source set.");
+					});
+				check.configure((task) -> task.dependsOn(checkSpringFactories));
+			});
+	}
+
 }

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/build/springframework/CheckAotFactories.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.boot.build.springframework;
+
+import org.gradle.api.Task;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Task} that checks {@code META-INF/spring/aot.factories}.
+ *
+ * @author Andy Wilkinson
+ */
+public abstract class CheckAotFactories extends CheckFactoriesFile {
+
+	public CheckAotFactories() {
+		super("META-INF/spring/aot.factories");
+	}
+
+}

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/build/springframework/CheckFactoriesFile.java

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.boot.build.springframework;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask;
+import org.gradle.api.GradleException;
+import org.gradle.api.Task;
+import org.gradle.api.file.DirectoryProperty;
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection;
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileTree;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.Classpath;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.InputFiles;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.OutputDirectory;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.PathSensitive;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.PathSensitivity;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.SkipWhenEmpty;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskAction;
+import org.gradle.language.base.plugins.LifecycleBasePlugin;
+
+import org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader;
+import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Task} that checks files loaded by {@link SpringFactoriesLoader}.
+ *
+ * @author Andy Wilkinson
+ */
+public abstract class CheckFactoriesFile extends DefaultTask {
+
+	private final String path;
+
+	private FileCollection sourceFiles = getProject().getObjects().fileCollection();
+
+	private FileCollection classpath = getProject().getObjects().fileCollection();
+
+	protected CheckFactoriesFile(String path) {
+		this.path = path;
+		getOutputDirectory().convention(getProject().getLayout().getBuildDirectory().dir(getName()));
+		setGroup(LifecycleBasePlugin.VERIFICATION_GROUP);
+	}
+
+	@InputFiles
+	@SkipWhenEmpty
+	@PathSensitive(PathSensitivity.RELATIVE)
+	public FileTree getSource() {
+		return this.sourceFiles.getAsFileTree().matching((filter) -> filter.include(this.path));
+	}
+
+	public void setSource(Object source) {
+		this.sourceFiles = getProject().getObjects().fileCollection().from(source);
+	}
+
+	@Classpath
+	public FileCollection getClasspath() {
+		return this.classpath;
+	}
+
+	public void setClasspath(Object classpath) {
+		this.classpath = getProject().getObjects().fileCollection().from(classpath);
+	}
+
+	@OutputDirectory
+	public abstract DirectoryProperty getOutputDirectory();
+
+	@TaskAction
+	void execute() {
+		getSource().forEach(this::check);
+	}
+
+	private void check(File factoriesFile) {
+		Properties factories = load(factoriesFile);
+		Map<String, List<String>> problems = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+		for (String key : factories.stringPropertyNames()) {
+			List<String> values = Arrays
+				.asList(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factories.getProperty(key)));
+			for (String value : values) {
+				boolean found = find(value);
+				if (!found) {
+					List<String> problemsForKey = problems.computeIfAbsent(key, (k) -> new ArrayList<>());
+					String binaryName = binaryNameOf(value);
+					found = find(binaryName);
+					if (found) {
+						problemsForKey
+							.add("'%s' should be listed using its binary name '%s'".formatted(value, binaryName));
+					}
+					else {
+						problemsForKey.add("'%s' was not found".formatted(value));
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			List<String> sortedValues = new ArrayList<>(values);
+			Collections.sort(sortedValues);
+			if (!sortedValues.equals(values)) {
+				List<String> problemsForKey = problems.computeIfAbsent(key, (k) -> new ArrayList<>());
+				problemsForKey.add("Entries should be sorted alphabetically");
+			}
+		}
+		File outputFile = getOutputDirectory().file("failure-report.txt").get().getAsFile();
+		writeReport(factoriesFile, problems, outputFile);
+		if (!problems.isEmpty()) {
+			throw new GradleException("%s check failed. See '%s' for details".formatted(this.path, outputFile));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private boolean find(String className) {
+		for (File root : this.classpath.getFiles()) {
+			String classFilePath = className.replace(".", "/") + ".class";
+			if (new File(root, classFilePath).isFile()) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private String binaryNameOf(String className) {
+		int lastDotIndex = className.lastIndexOf('.');
+		return className.substring(0, lastDotIndex) + "$" + className.substring(lastDotIndex + 1);
+	}
+
+	private Properties load(File aotFactories) {
+		Properties properties = new Properties();
+		try (FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(aotFactories)) {
+			properties.load(input);
+			return properties;
+		}
+		catch (IOException ex) {
+			throw new UncheckedIOException(ex);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void writeReport(File factoriesFile, Map<String, List<String>> problems, File outputFile) {
+		outputFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+		StringBuilder report = new StringBuilder();
+		if (!problems.isEmpty()) {
+			report.append("Found problems in '%s':%n".formatted(factoriesFile));
+			problems.forEach((key, problemsForKey) -> {
+				report.append("  - %s:%n".formatted(key));
+				problemsForKey.forEach((problem) -> report.append("    - %s%n".formatted(problem)));
+			});
+		}
+		try {
+			Files.writeString(outputFile.toPath(), report.toString(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE,
+					StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
+		}
+		catch (IOException ex) {
+			throw new UncheckedIOException(ex);
+		}
+	}
+
+}

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/build/springframework/CheckSpringFactories.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.boot.build.springframework;
+
+import org.gradle.api.Task;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Task} that checks {@code META-INF/spring.factories}.
+ *
+ * @author Andy Wilkinson
+ */
+public abstract class CheckSpringFactories extends CheckFactoriesFile {
+
+	public CheckSpringFactories() {
+		super("META-INF/spring.factories");
+	}
+
+}

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring/aot.factories

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 org.springframework.aot.hint.RuntimeHintsRegistrar=\
-org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.metrics.ServiceLevelObjectiveBoundary.ServiceLevelObjectiveBoundaryHints
+org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.metrics.ServiceLevelObjectiveBoundary$ServiceLevelObjectiveBoundaryHints

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ssl.BundleContentNotWatchableFailureAnaly
 # Template Availability Providers
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
+org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider
 

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring/aot.factories

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 org.springframework.aot.hint.RuntimeHintsRegistrar=\
-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityRuntimeHints,\
-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityRuntimeHints,\
-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration.JacksonAutoConfigurationRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider$FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider$GroovyTemplateAvailabilityRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration$JacksonAutoConfigurationRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateRuntimeHints
 
 org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor=\

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-devtools/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartScopeInitializer
 
 # Application Listeners
 org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
-org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartApplicationListener,\
-org.springframework.boot.devtools.logger.DevToolsLogFactory.Listener
+org.springframework.boot.devtools.logger.DevToolsLogFactory$Listener,\
+org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartApplicationListener
 
 # Environment Post Processors
 org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.mysql.MySqlJdbcDocker
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.mysql.MySqlR2dbcDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.neo4j.Neo4jDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.oracle.OracleFreeJdbcDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
-org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.oracle.OracleXeJdbcDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.oracle.OracleFreeR2dbcDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
+org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.oracle.OracleXeJdbcDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.oracle.OracleXeR2dbcDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.otlp.OpenTelemetryMetricsDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.service.connection.otlp.OpenTelemetryTracingDockerComposeConnectionDetailsFactory,\

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-test/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring/aot.factories

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor=\
-org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.MainMethodBeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor
+org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader$MainMethodBeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-testcontainers/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.activemq.ArtemisConta
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.amqp.RabbitContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.cassandra.CassandraContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.couchbase.CouchbaseContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
-org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.flyway.FlywayContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
+org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.flyway.FlywayContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.jdbc.JdbcContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.kafka.KafkaContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\
 org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.ldap.OpenLdapContainerConnectionDetailsFactory,\

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-testcontainers/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring/aot.factories

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationExcludeFilter=\
-org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.ConnectionDetailsRegistrar.ServiceConnectionBeanRegistrationExcludeFilter
+org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.ConnectionDetailsRegistrar$ServiceConnectionBeanRegistrationExcludeFilter
 
 org.springframework.aot.hint.RuntimeHintsRegistrar=\
-org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.ContainerConnectionDetailsFactory.ContainerConnectionDetailsFactoriesRuntimeHints
+org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.ContainerConnectionDetailsFactory$ContainerConnectionDetailsFactoriesRuntimeHints

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Logging Systems
 org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystemFactory=\
-org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem.Factory,\
-org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem.Factory,\
-org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystem.Factory
+org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystem$Factory,\
+org.springframework.boot.logging.log4j2.Log4J2LoggingSystem$Factory,\
+org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem$Factory
 
 # PropertySource Loaders
 org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ org.springframework.boot.r2dbc.init.R2dbcScriptDatabaseInitializerDetector
 
 # Depends On Database Initialization Detectors
 org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.DependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector=\
-org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.AnnotationDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector,\
 org.springframework.boot.jdbc.SpringJdbcDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector,\
 org.springframework.boot.jooq.JooqDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector,\
-org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.JpaDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector
+org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.JpaDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector,\
+org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.AnnotationDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector
 
 # Resource Locator Protocol Resolvers
 org.springframework.core.io.ProtocolResolver=\

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring/aot.factories

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 org.springframework.aot.hint.RuntimeHintsRegistrar=\
-org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.SpringApplicationRuntimeHints,\
-org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationBannerPrinter.SpringApplicationBannerPrinterRuntimeHints,\
-org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType.WebApplicationTypeRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication$SpringApplicationRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationBannerPrinter$SpringApplicationBannerPrinterRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationType$WebApplicationTypeRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigDataLocationRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigDataPropertiesRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceRuntimeHints,\
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ org.springframework.boot.json.JacksonRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.logging.java.JavaLoggingSystemRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackRuntimeHints,\
 org.springframework.boot.web.client.ClientHttpRequestFactoriesRuntimeHints,\
-org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.undertow.UndertowWebServer.UndertowWebServerRuntimeHints,\
-org.springframework.boot.web.server.MimeMappings.MimeMappingsRuntimeHints
+org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.undertow.UndertowWebServer$UndertowWebServerRuntimeHints,\
+org.springframework.boot.web.server.MimeMappings$MimeMappingsRuntimeHints
 
 org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor=\
 org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor,\
-org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponentModule.JsonComponentBeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor
+org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponentModule$JsonComponentBeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor
 
 org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationAotProcessor=\
 org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBeanRegistrationAotProcessor,\